Reliable and continuous operation of ships is vitally important to the decision-makers. Driven by rising cost newbuilding ships, maintenance actions are needed on existing ensure safe enduring service beyond their initial design life. Extending ship life can provide economic operating profit promote sustainability. Meanwhile, during extended may involve higher failure risk additional expenditur...

Simulation codes currently used in the foundry industry are primarily to predict casting quality, quality tied mainly location of defects such as shrinkage (voids origin). The effective use simulation system requires identification and knowledge of, adapted reality, physical parameters (thermal) - mould system. lack complete a possible these values, modelling dependencies, is cause limitation d...