Components of Meichenbaum's cognitive-behavior modification treatment for test anxiety were varied in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Desensitization and cognitive treatments were either given or not given. The resultant conditions were (a) desensitization only, (b) cognitive only, (c) the combination cognitive plus desensitization,, and (d) neither cognitive nor desensitization (control). Each test-...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antiepileptic drug (AED)-associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions can lead to the discontinuation of medications. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of performing desensitization to oxcarbazepine. METHODS This study involved 20 patients who exhibited cutaneous adverse drug reactions associated with oxcarbazepine use between July ...

In whole-cell recordings from mammalian CNS neurons, AMPA-preferring glutamate receptors exhibit strong desensitization in response to AMPA, glutamate, and quisqualate, but not to kainate or domoate. Such desensitization is reduced by lectins, by the nootropic drug aniracetam, and by diazoxide. None of these compounds strongly modulate responses to kainate and domoate, consistent with the appar...

The transient receptor potential channel subtypes V1 (TRPV1) and A1 (TRPA1) play a critical role in the development of hyperalgesia in inflammatory pain models. Although several studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that capsaicin (CAP), a TRPV1-specific agonist, and mustard oil (MO), a TRPA1 agonist, evoke responses that undergo functional cross-desensitization in various models, the...

Activation and desensitization kinetics of the rat P2X1 receptor at nanomolar ATP concentrations were studied in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. The solution exchange system used allowed complete and reproducible solution exchange in <0.5 s. Sustained exposure to 1-100 nM ATP led to a profound desensitization of P2X1 receptors. At steady-state, desensitization could...

ATP-gated P2X3 receptors are mostly expressed by nociceptive sensory neurons and participate in transduction of pain signals. P2X3 receptors show a combination of fast desensitization onset and slow recovery. Moreover, even low nanomolar agonist concentrations unable to evoke a response, can induce desensitization via a phenomenon called "high affinity desensitization." We have also observed th...

Fast IPSCs in the brain are predominantly caused by presynaptic release of GABA that activates GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) channels. The IPSCs are shaped by the gating and desensitization properties of postsynaptic GABA(A)Rs. Specifically, fast desensitization has been suggested to decrease IPSC amplitude and to increase IPSC duration by slowing deactivation; however, the mechanisms underlying ...

Recently, with use of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons we have been able to dissociate the binding affinities of vanilloids from their potencies to induce 45Ca uptake, which suggests the existence of distinct classes of the vanilloid receptor (). In the present study, we have demonstrated that the ultrapotent capsaicin analog resiniferatoxin (RTX) desensitized rat DRG neurons to the subse...

It has previously been shown that nitric oxide (NO) synthase is involved in the development of opioid tolerance. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of NO on μ-opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization. Furthermore, we explored the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this effect. Single-unit extracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on locus co...

The acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated, voltage-insensitive cation channels expressed throughout the nervous system. ASIC1a plays a role in learning, pain, and fear related behaviors. In addition, activation of ASIC1a during prolonged acidosis following cerebral ischemia induces neuronal death. ASICs undergo steady-state desensitization, a characteristic that limits ASIC1a activ...