Patients with programmed death-ligand 1 positive (PD-L1+), locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Sitravatinib, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulatory T cells, promotes expansion migration antitumor cytotoxic increases ratio M1/M2-pola...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently provokes serious detrimental outcomes because neuronal regeneration is limited in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the creation of a permissive environment for transplantation therapy with neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is a promising strategy to replace lost neuronal cells, promote repair, and stimulate functional plasticity after SCI. Macropha...

IC21 macrophages, a permanent culture of a line of cells derived from a single colony of mouse peritoneal macrophages transformed with simian virus 40, demonstrate most of the characteristics of lipoprotein metabolism that have been described for primary cultures of rodent or canine peritoneal macrophages. IC21 macrophages have low but demonstrable low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activit...

The mechanistic basis for why inflammation is simultaneously both deleterious and essential for tissue repair is not fully understood. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged: Organs are replete with resident macrophages of embryonic origin distinct from monocyte-derived macrophages. This added complexity raises the question of whether distinct immune cells drive inflammatory and reparative activi...

Granulomas are aggregates of immune cells that can form in various organs. In cutaneous sarcoidosis macrophages and T present inside granuloma cores not able to eliminate the yet unknown antigen arrest an state causing tissue destruction. We aim study switch a protective cell phenotype pathological, disease-driving population within granulomas. Therefore, we use combination direct visualization...

Macrophages secrete a variety of growth factors, cytokines and vasoactive peptides, which are related to the progression of atherosclerosis. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilator peptide and inhibits proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the production and secretion of ADM by monocytes and macrophages by Northern blot analysis, RIA an...

Tissue macrophages are derived exclusively from blood monocytes, which as monocyte-derived macrophages support HIV-1 replication. However, among human tissue macrophages only intestinal macrophages are non-permissive to HIV-1, suggesting that the unique microenvironment in human intestinal mucosa renders lamina propria macrophages non-permissive to HIV-1. We investigated this hypothesis using b...

Macrophages are ubiquitous cells that reside in all major tissues. Counter to long-held beliefs, we now know that resident macrophages in many organs are seeded during embryonic development and self-renew independently from blood monocytes. Under inflammatory conditions, those tissue macrophages are joined and sometimes replaced by recruited monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophage function in ...

Vitamin D regulates homeostasis, anti-microbial response, and inflammation. The vitamin receptors are expressed in the macrophages other immune cells, regulating transcription of many different genes, including those coding peptides. One most severe complications SARS-CoV-2 infection is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by hyperinflammatory response (commonly called cytokine sto...

Objective: We previously reported smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represent ?50% of foam in human coronary and ?70% apoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient mouse aortic atheromas exhibit reduced expression the cholesterol exporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1). A major stimulus for is flux out lysosomes, generated by hydrolysis lipoprotein cholesteryl esters LAL (lysosomal acid lipase). In t...