Recent studies suggest that the deregulation of pathways, rather than individual genes, may be critical in triggering carcinogenesis. The pathway deregulation is often caused by the simultaneous deregulation of more than one gene in the pathway. This suggests that robust gene pair combinations may exploit the underlying bio-molecular reactions that are relevant to the pathway deregulation and t...

Over the past two decades, the deregulation of surface transport at both national and international levels has gathered momentum, particularly within the United States and European Union. The structural and performance changes associated with transport deregulation generated substantial redistribution of wealth among carriers, labor, shippers,-and final customers and dramatically altered the co...

This paper examines the impact of deregulation and political support for it on electric power industry using a consistent state-level electricity generation dataset US contiguous states from 1997 to 2014. Recent analyses productivity growth suggests that institutional factors are important we wish study role as change through two measures: (a) restructuring (b) it, measured by majority affiliat...

Due to a variety of political, economic, and technological factors, many national electricity industries around the globe are transforming from non-competitive monopolies with centralized systems to decentralized operations with competitive business units. This process, commonly referred to as deregulation (or liberalization) is driven by the belief that a monopolistic industry fails to achieve...

Cyberspace already takes little note of national borders, which may eventually lose their significance for electronic commerce. Cyberspace and other innovative information technology (IT) have affected the financial system greatly moving from restricted proprietary systems to open networks. In the last 20 years, the financial services industry has witnessed dramatic changes, largely driven by g...

This paper examines an economic union where oligopolistic firms produce by skilled and unskilled labor and do R&D by skilled labor. The planner of the union accepts new members to the union, deregulates the product market through anti-trust policy and regulates the labor market through a minimum wage for unskilled labor. Firms and workers lobby the planner for prospective policy. It is shown th...

This paper studies the impact of geographic banking deregulation on the effectiveness of monetary policy. State-level removal of restrictions on interstate banking strengthened the effect of monetary policy on bank lending. This effect was driven by small banks affiliated with bank holding companies. Following interstate deregulation affiliated banks reallocate assets towards securities and awa...