1. What exactly are injectable contraceptives, specifically DMPA and NET-EN? DMPA, or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, and NET-EN, short for norethisterone enanthate, are contraceptives that contain a kind of hormone called progestin. Both are given by injection. DMPA (widely known by its marketed name Depo-Provera) is administered every three months, while NET-EN (or Noristerat) is given eve...

Access to emergency contraception (EC) has little restriction in South Africa. EC is a contraceptive method that can be used by women up to 7 days after unprotected intercourse. It can be used in the following situations: when no contraceptive has been used; for condom accidents; after intrauterine contraceptive device expulsion; when a contraceptive method has been incorrectly used, or contrac...

Objective: To examine the relationship between progestin-only contraception and breast cancer, and to make recommendations regarding contraception for the breast cancer survivor. Outcome: Incidence of breast cancer among users of progestin-only contraception. Evidence: PubMed and Medline databases were searched using the terms “breast cancer” and “progesterone,” “contraception,” “depot medroxyp...

Objective: To examine the relationship between progestin-only contraception and breast cancer, and to make recommendations regarding contraception for the breast cancer survivor. Outcome: Incidence of breast cancer among users of progestin-only contraception. Evidence: PubMed and Medline databases were searched using the terms “breast cancer” and “progesterone,” “contraception,” “depot medroxyp...

In 1987, the threat of litigation led to the withdrawal of intrauterine devices (IUDs)from the American market where depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)had already been banned. There were fears of repercussions that would have led to the limiting of contraceptive choice in Britain. HIV was also an emerging issue and a revival of interest in barrier contraception led to an emphasis on male ...

Research has established the principle of hormonal male contraception based on suppression of gonadotropins and spermatogenesis. All hormonal male contraceptives use testosterone, but only in East Asian men can testosterone alone suppress spermatogenesis to a level compatible with contraceptive protection. In Caucasians, additional agents are required of which progestins are favored. Clinical t...