For some crimes the entire law enforcement process can now be automated. No humans are needed to detect the crime, identify the perpetrator, or impose punishment. While automated systems are cheap and efficient, governments and citizens must look beyond these obvious savings as manual labor is replaced by robots and computers. Inefficiency and indeterminacy have significant value in automated l...

a Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands b Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, De Boelelaan 1077a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Pho...

We compute the mid-infrared extinction law from 3.6−24μm in three molecular clouds: Ophiuchus, Perseus, and Serpens, by combining data from the “Cores to Disks” Spitzer Legacy Science program with deep JHKs imaging. Using a new technique, we are able to calculate the line-of-sight extinction law towards each background star in our fields. With these line-of-sight measurements, we create, for th...

Department of Justice, Law and Society, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA; Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 4F4, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State ...

Dr IF Redelinghuys: BChD, MSc(Odont), MChD(Chir.Max.-Fac. Dent), PhD(MFOS), Dip(Odont) (Pret), Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgeon, Private Practice Prof K-W Bütow: BSc(RAU), BChD, MChD(in MFOSurg)(Stell), DMD(Erlang-Nürnb), PhD, DSc(Pret), FC MFOS(SA), Professor and Head: Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria. Dr P Carstens: BLC, LLB, LLD(Pret), Professor: Departmen...