In the course of demographic transitions (DTs), two large-scale trends become apparent: (i) the broadly positive association between wealth, status and fertility tends to reverse, and (ii) wealth inequalities increase and then temporarily decrease. We argue that these two broad patterns are linked, through a diversification of reproductive strategies that subsequently converge as populations co...

This is an introduction to a special issue on aspects of demographic aging in Asia. It provides "an overview of the issues related to the rapid increase in the number of elderly in some Asian countries. It describes how the articles contained in this special issue...demonstrate that the familial system of support for the elderly has persisted despite major social and economic change. It also...

Genetic toxicology is the scientific discipline dealing with the effects of chemical, physical and biological agents on the heredity of living organisms. The Internet offers a wide range of online digital resources for the field of Genetic Toxicology. The history of genetic toxicology and electronic data collections are reviewed. Web-based resources at US National Library of Medicine (NLM), inc...

The attitudes and experiences of pathologists and coroners to the provision of biochemical forensic toxicology in the Republic of Ireland were determined using separate questionnaires to each group anonymously. Replies were received from 36/88 (41%) of pathologists and 19/71 (27%) of coroners. 37% of coroners considered that histopathologists give an adequate opinion in forensic toxicology yet ...

This paper surveys recent, as yet unpublished, statistical studies arising from research in genetic toxicology within the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP). These studies all involve analyses of data from Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity tests, but the statistical methodologies are broadly applicable. Three issues are addressed: First, what is a tenable sampling model for Ames test d...

Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) plays an important role in the field of analytical toxicology. The identification of unknown compounds is very frequently undertaken with GC-MS and utilizing mass spectral libraries. Currently available libraries for analytical toxicology were compared for overlapping and uniqueness of their entries. Furthermore, the widely known ...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...

nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. nanoparticles (nps) have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. tetrazolium-based assays such as mtt, mts, and wst-1 are used to determine cell viability. cell inflammatory response induced by nps is checked by measuring inflammatory biomarkers, such as il-8, il-6, and tumor necrosi...

Predictive toxicology plays an important role in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals and the drug development process. While there are several well-established in vitro and in vivo assays that are suitable for predictive toxicology, recent advances in high-throughput analytical technologies and model systems are expected to have a major impact on the field of predictive toxicology. This com...

In Vitro Toxicology Society Annual Meeting November 10–11, 2015 Birmingham, United Kingdom These abstracts were presented at the 2015 annual meeting of the UK In Vitro Toxicology Society (IVTS). The meeting was hosted at Birmingham, UK on November 10–11, 2015. The main session topics included hepatoxicology, inhalation toxicology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and neurotoxicology. ...