Planning of the demand response has received special attention due to cost transmission lines development and shortage energy resources beside growth demand. This research work is focused on role microgrid (MG) as an alternative solution for system proposed a method modeling MGs in capacity market. The results show that using leads reduce costs system. Moreover, cause slight increase profitabil...

This paper uses a previously developed spreadsheet cost model which simulates public transport modes operated on a 12km route to analyse the total costs of different passenger demand levels. The previous cost model was a very powerful tool to estimate the social and operator cost for different public transport technologies. However, as the model is strategic based, some assumptions are very bas...

A review of previous studies shows that there are two general views on how to determine demand in structures through incremental nonlinear static analysis. In the first view, multi-modal methods are used to determine demand in structures. In this view, the applied load pattern is applied to the structure according to the shape of each vibration mode, assuming that the structure deformation foll...

The study focuses on the dynamic multi-site capacity planning problem in the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry under stochastic demand. Capacity planning refers to the process of simultaneously implementing a robust capacity allocation plan and capacity expansion policy across multiple sites against stochastic demand. In addition, the demand situation in TFT-LCD man...

background: wastewater produced by a dairy in sanandaj is a major source of environmental pollution threatening the city. the dairy uses activated sludge treatment to remove organic pollution from the wastewater. the present study evaluated the performance of this process and its compliance with national requirements for chemical oxygen demand (cod), biochemical oxygen demand (bod), and total s...

We consider the problem of incrementally designing a network to route demand to a single sink on an underlying metric space. We are given cables whose costs per unit length scale in a concave fashion with capacity. Under certain natural restrictions on the costs (called the Access Network Design constraints), we present a simple and efficient randomized algorithm that is competitive to the mini...

Capacity has become of primary importance in broadband wireless access (BWA) networks due to the increasing demand for multimedia services and the possibility of providing wireless Internet, leading to their standardization by IEEE (802.16, WirelessMAN, WiMAX) and ETSI (HiperMAN). The major factor limiting capacity in such systems is interference originating from adjacent cells, namely, interce...

Using constraint-based local search, we effectively model and efficiently solve the problem of balancing the traffic demands on portions of the European airspace while ensuring that their capacity constraints are satisfied. The traffic demand of a portion of airspace is the hourly number of flights planned to enter it, and its capacity is the upper bound on this number under which air-traffic c...

Networked Infrastructure systems deliver services and/or products from point to point along the network. Demand for the services provided by such systems is typically cyclic, creating inefficiencies in capacity utilization. Congestion pricing provides incentives to shift demand from peak time periods to lower demand periods. This effectively increases the capacity of the system without the need...