We propose a technique for recovering the position and depth of pronuclei of human zygotes, from z-stacks acquired using Hoffman Modulation Contrast microscopy. We use Local Binary Pattern features for describing local texture, and integrate information from multiple neighboring areas of the stack, including those where the object to be detected would appear defocused; interestingly, such defoc...

This paper analyzes the phase error for a three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement system that utilizes our recently proposed projector defocusing technique. This technique generates seemingly sinusoidal structured patterns by defocusing binary structured patterns and then uses these patterns to perform 3D shape measurement by fringe analysis. However, significant errors may still exist if an o...

Cryocooled insulin and thaumatin crystals were irradiated in a series of alternating data collections and high-dose-rate exposures using either a vertically focused or vertically defocused beam. The main result is that the radiation damage is limited to the exposed region, which can be explained by the short range of the photoelectrons and the Auger electron cascade produced by light elements. ...

Abstract Phase diversity techniques commonly employ a pair of focused–defocused images to retrieve the incident wave front and restore observed scene. However, combination more images, each one affected by different amount defocus, has been barely explored in solar astronomy. In this work we reformulate “classic” two-images phase approach accommodate an arbitrary number differences investigate ...

The emission transition dipole moments of single-molecule free-base phthalocyanines at an air/glass interface were visualized using defocused wide-field fluorescence microscopy at a temporal resolution of 100-200 ms. Isolated molecules showed slow proton tautomerization, which is consistent with previous theoretical calculations in the gas phase, which predicted large activation energies.

PURPOSE The dopamine (DA) system in the retina is critical to normal visual development as lack of retinal DA signaling may contribute to myopic development. The involvement of DA in myopic development is complex and may be different between form deprivation and hyperopic defocus. This study evaluated effects of a non-selective DA receptor agonist, apomorphine (APO) on refractive development in...

We sought to implement and determine whether incorporating cognitive based contextual focus into a genetic programming fitness function would play a crucial role in enabling the computer system to generate art that humans find "creative" (i.e. possessing qualities of novelty and aesthetic value typically ascribed to the output of a creative artistic process). We implemented contextual focus in ...