one of the important reasons for death among the worldwide’s population is trauma which is injury or damage to a biological organism caused by physical harm from an external source. after trauma, the immune system and the early inflammatory immune response activation lead to massive injury. trauma causes activation of nearly all components of the immune system; it also activates the neuroendocr...

one of the main principles of the passive defense is the principle of site selection. in this paper, we propose a multiple objective nonlinear programming model that considers the principle of the site selection in terms of two qualitative and quantitative aspects. the purpose of the proposed model is selection of the place of facilities of a system in which not only it observes the dispersion ...

pre-implant disease is an inflammatory process that affects the surrounding tissues of a functional osseointegrated implant. it is usually the result of a disequilibrium between the micro-flora and the defense system. this case reports a 57-year-old man with unusual bone loss around dental implants. this was an unusual case of peri-implantitis that occurred only in the implants on one side of t...

In this paper, the authors propose a schema for a decision support system for basketball defense strategies using a fuzzy expert system. The authors introduce the original ideas for the proposed schema and the background of the basketball defense strategies. The authors also present the fuzzy input and output attributes for the fuzzy expert system according to the domain knowledge from the bask...

The term innate immunity refers to a number of evolutionary ancient mechanisms that serve to defend animals and plants against infection. Genetically tractable model organisms, especially Drosophila, have contributed greatly to advances in our understanding of mammalian innate immunity. Essentially, nothing is known about immune responses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Using high-densi...

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the Internet while no effective defense schemes have been proposed or deployed. PacketScore has been proposed as a proactive DDoS defense scheme, which detects DDoS attacks, differentiates attacking packets from good ones with the use of packet scoring (scores are calculated per-packet based on the attribute values it pos...

The biological immune system is an autonomic system for self-protection, which has evolved over millions of years probably through extensive redesigning, testing, tuning and optimization process. The powerful information processing capabilities of the immune system, such as feature extraction, pattern recognition, learning, memory, and its distributive nature provide rich metaphors for its arti...

The ability to withstand viral predation is critical for survival of most microbes. Accordingly, a plethora of phage resistance systems has been identified in bacterial genomes (Labrie et al, 2010), including restriction‐modification systems (R‐M) (Tock & Dryden, 2005), abortive infection (Abi) (Chopin et al, 2005), Argonaute‐based interference (Swarts et al, 2014), as well as clustered regular...