Free radical can be defined as a molecule or molecular fragments containing unpaired electron in the outer orbital, which react with nearby molecules to get stability. There are two types of them in the body: oxygen free radicals and nitrogen free radicals. Our body has an antioxidant defense system which prevents accumulation of these radicals. There is a balance between free radical produc...

The study of bank interest rate spreads is central to our understanding of the process of financial intermediation. Data limitations generally restrict empirical analyses to interest rate spreads that are constructed from bank income statements and balance sheets. In this paper we make use of a data set that allows us directly to compute interest rate spreads based on individual bank loan and d...

BACKGROUND As one of the most common chronic diseases, diabetes and its control are affected by the patients' psychological and spiritual attributes. The present study investigates the relationship between glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes and personality traits, defense mechanisms and spirituality. METHOD The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 Iranian patient...

BACKGROUND Healthy interpersonal functioning, and a reduction of the distress associated with maladaptive interpersonal behavior, is a focus of treatment for personality disorder (PD). Patients with PD are also known to make a preferential use of immature defenses. We examined change in interpersonal problems as a critical outcome, and defense style as a predictor of this outcome. METHODS Con...

OBJECTIVE Although the importance of orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) is established in the pathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), no study have evaluated its relation to the traditional psychodynamic perspective. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the defense styles consisting of mature, immature and neurotic defenses and OFC volumes of patients with O...

OBJECTIVE Current understanding of the use of psychological defense mechanisms (DMs) in older adults is limited. This study set out to examine individual differences in DMs and Cloninger's biosocial model of personality in two age groups (50-64, 65-93), as well as their influence on health. METHODS A Japanese community sample (N = 330) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-12...

The present study examined the course traveled from childhood emotional abuse to adulthood psychopathology. One hundred ninety-six undergraduate students age 20 to 45 (M = 27; SD = 8.17), answered self-report questionnaires assessing emotional abuse in childhood (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), parental attitudes (Parental Bonding Instrument), psychopathological symptomatology (Brief Symptom I...