Recently, innate immune lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) T cells and gamma/delta antigen receptor-bearing T (gamma delta T) cells, have garnered much attention, and their biological significance in the tumor immunity, allergic diseases and infectious diseases is extensively exploited. We have addressed the role of these cells in the host defense using a mouse model of pulmonary infectio...

Although much progress has been achieved in aging research using lower animals, especially yeast and C. elegans, aging in humans remains puzzling. Here I offer my hypothesis of host defense against age-promoting stimuli, which holds that the cell itself has a defense system and multi-organism, an even more sophisticated one against age-promoting stimuli. Here I review recent achievements in agi...

Plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating a whole set of defense responses, most of them relying on transcriptional activation of plant defense genes. The same responses are induced by treatment of plant cells with elicitors released from the pathogen or from the plant surface. Several plant/elicitor combinations have been used successfully as experimental systems to invest...

Infectious diseases cause over 300 million illnesses and more than 5 million deaths each year worldwide. Understanding how components of the host immune system function to control disease-causing pathogens is critically important to develop strategies for preventing and controlling these diseases. With the discovery of innate immune receptors, we are beginning to appreciate the important role o...

Objective(s) Shark Liver Oil (SLO) is an immunomodulator. Macrophages play a key role in host defense against pathogens like fungi. Candida albicans have mechanisms to escape immune system. We determined the effect of killed-Candida on the in vitro viability of macrophages and the effect of SLO on augmentation of this potency. Materials and Methods Peritoneal macrophages were separated and c...

The systemic administration of oncolytic virus (OV) is often inefficient due to clearance of the virus by host defense mechanism and spurious targeting of non-cancer tissues through the bloodstream. Cell mediated OV delivery could hide the virus from host defenses and direct them toward tumors: Mesenchymal and neural stem cells have been described to possess tumor-homing ability as well as the ...

theatrical works of art related to iraq & iran war are refered to as the genre of “the sacred defense theatre”. although various organizations were established to support these works but this genre have not been produced continuously. indeed, the sacred defense theatre is a kind of war theatre that not only deals with themes, situations, events and characters of war but also reflects moral and ...