Reading instruction can direct attention to different unit sizes in print-to-speech mapping, ranging from grapheme-phoneme to whole-word relationships. Thus, attentional focus during learning might influence brain mechanisms recruited during reading, as indexed by the N170 response to visual words. To test this, two groups of adults were trained to read an artificial script under instructions d...

Superlubricity, as a new and an important area in tribology, has attracted more and more attentions from researchers over the world. In recent years, some new phenomena, new materials, and new mechanism both in liquid and solid superlubricity have been obtained. In the liquid area, a new system of superlubricity liquids has been found and the new mechanism has been proposed, which exhibits very...

This article presents the results of grapheme-based speech recognition for eight languages. The need for this approach arises in situation of low resource languages, where obtaining a pronunciation dictionary is timeand cost-consuming or impossible. In such scenarios, usage of grapheme dictionaries is the most simplest and straight-forward. The paper describes the process of automatic generatio...

We present a simple and effective approach to the task of grapheme-tophoneme conversion based on a set of manually edited grapheme-phoneme mappings which drives not only the alignment of words and corresponding pronunciations, but also the segmentation of words during model training and application, respectively. The actual conversion is performed with the help of a conditional random field mod...

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This paper presents our work on grapheme based crosslingual speech recognition carried out within the MASPER initiative. The performance of monolingual grapheme based acoustic models is compared to the performance of monolingual acoustic models based on phonemes. The transfer between source and target language was done using an expert knowledge approach. For the experiments, German, Spanish, Hu...

Several characteristics of the Thai writing system make Thai grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion very challenging. In this paper, we propose an Example-Based Grapheme-toPhoneme conversion approach. It generates the pronunciation of a word by selecting, modifying and combining pronunciations from syllables from training corpus. The best system achieves 80.99% word accuracy and 94.19% phone accu...

In this study we investigated whether synaesthesia is associated with a particular cognitive style. Cognitive style refers to preferred modes of information processing, such as a verbal style or a visual style. We reasoned that related to the enriched world of experiences created by synaesthesia, its association with enhanced verbal and visual memory, higher imagery and creativity, synaesthetes...

There is growing interest in using graphemes as subword units, especially in the context of the rapid development of hidden Markov model (HMM) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, as it eliminates the need to build a phoneme pronunciation lexicon. However, directly modeling the relationship between acoustic feature observations and grapheme states may not be always trivial. It usual...