Background: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. In combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage X-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. This paper reports the dose enhancement factor (DEF) due to GNPs in 18 megavoltage (MV) beams. Materials and Methods: Different geometrical 50-nm GNPs configurations at a concentrati...

APETALA3 (AP3)/DEFICIENS (DEF) is a MADS-box transcription factor that is involved in establishing the identity of petal and stamen floral organs. The AP3/DEF gene lineage has been extensively examined throughout the angiosperms in order to better understand its role in floral diversity and evolution. As a result, a large number of cloned AP3/DEF orthologues are available, which can be used for...

DEFICIENS (DEF) and GLOBOSA (GLO) function in petal and stamen organ identity in Antirrhinum and are orthologs of APETALA3 and PISTILLATA in Arabidopsis. These genes are known as B-function genes for their role in the ABC genetic model of floral organ identity. Phylogenetic analyses show that DEF and GLO are closely related paralogs, having originated from a gene duplication event after the sep...

New regulations by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) demand a stringent 0.02 g/hp-hr tailpipe NO x limit year 2027, requiring Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts to provide high conversions even at low (below 200°C) exhaust temperatures. This work describes utilizing an Electrically Heated Mixer System (EHM system) upstream of Light-Off (LO-SCR) catalyst followed conventional ...

This paper is concerned with the type analysis of logic programs where, by type, we mean a property closed under instantiation. We define a chain of abstractions from Herbrand constraints to logical formulas via the set of their solutions. Every step of the chain is an instance of abstract interpretation. The use of logical formulas for type analysis is a generalization of the traditional Boole...

Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF), is one of the different Internal Sulfate Attack (ISA), a slow chemical reaction that can be responsible for degradation cementitious materials, through swelling material followed by crack diffusion in structure. The objective this study experimental characterization at local scale (10 x 10 30 mm3 samples) concrete reached DEF. composite samples, consist 15 mm...