In order to plan effectively for ultra-deep mining (UDM) projects, a number of issues must be addressed, not the least of which is the provision of workplace environmental conditions that are conducive to safe and productive mining operations. Although many aspects of an ultra-deep mining environment would be much the same as those already prevailing in deep-level gold mines, the variations in ...

In the middle of the 1980s, the so-called Hot Dry Rock (HDR) projects were under consideration, aiming at exploiting the heat stored in deep rocks by circulating heat-bearing fluids in closed loops through fracture networks artificially created in the rock by hydraulic fracturation. The typical geological targets of such projects were hot, and therefore necessarily deep crystalline massifs, whi...

Exertional heat illness typically occurs over hours in younger athletic patients or military recruits who exercise at elevated temperatures for a sufficient period of time to cause the rate of heat production to exceed the capacity of the body to dissipate heat. Since the physiological response to exercise includes cutaneous vasodilation and sweating, any limitation of such a response can cause...

Cryogenics is the continuation of heat treatment and is the last step that completes the thermal treatment processing of metals. After ferrous steel part/s are heat-treated and tempered, the part’s grain structure can be improved by subjecting the part to a deep cryogenic temperature (–320 °F) soak. The process involves taking the parts down from room temperature to –70 °F to –100 °F using dry ...

The head warming in hypothermic victims is an alternative way of heat donation, which does not inhibit shivering and does not impede the access to the patient's chest. It seems to be a safe method in mild hypothermia. The authors of the review article "Accidental hypothermia - an update" suggest this way of heat donation, without indicating precisely, in which group of patients it can be applie...

We use heat-capacity measurements as a function of field rotation to identify the nodal gap structure of CeIrIn(5) at pressures to 2.05 GPa, deep inside its superconducting dome. A fourfold oscillation in the heat capacity at 0.3 K is observed for all pressures, but with its sign reversed between 1.50 and 0.90 GPa. On the basis of recent theoretical models for the field-angle-dependent specific...

Below the sill depth (at about 2400m) of the Alpha-Mendeleyev ridge complex, the waters of the Canada Basin (CB) of the Arctic Ocean are isolated, with a C isolation age of about 500 yr. The potential temperature y decreases with depth to a minimum ymE 0:524 C near 2400m, increases with depth through an approximately 300m thick transition layer to yhE 0.514 C, and then remains uniform from abou...

The central Oregon section of the Cascade Range volcanic arc is characterized byrelatively high Quaternary volcanic extrusion rates and hot-spring discharge rates, and by high conductive h at flow. However, a large area of near-zero near-surface onductive h at flow occurs in the younger volcanic rocks, due to downward and lateral flow of cold groundwater. Alternate models for the high heat flow...

Deep tropical lakes are excellent climate monitors because annual mixing is shallow and flushing rates are low, allowing heat to accumulate during climatic warming. We describe effects of warming on Lake Tanganyika: A sharpened density gradient has slowed vertical mixing and reduced primary production. Increased warming rates during the coming century may continue to slow mixing and further red...

Painful sensations are common in Parkinson's disease. In many patients, such sensations correspond to neuropathic pain and could be related to central alterations of pain processing. Subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation improves motor function in Parkinson's disease. Several structures of the basal ganglia are involved in nociceptive function, and deep brain stimulation could thus also mod...