Although olfaction is known to be a highly developed sense in a variety of fishes, little information is available about behavioral mechanisms by which fishes sample the olfactory environment. This study was undertaken to assess the role of spontaneous jaw protrusion ('coughing') as a potential mechanism for olfactory sampling in pleuronectid flounders. Investigations were carried out using a c...

Electrical stimulation of an epibranchial vagal ganglion, which innervates the gill region, had a marked influence on the respiratory rhythm of the carp Cyprinus carpio. Vagal input could initiate ventilation in fish displaying intermittent respiration. In fish breathing steadily, vagal stimuli could reset the respiratory rhythm by modifying the existing breathing cycle. An increase of stimulus...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most deadly diseases lungs that involves symptoms such as breathing difficulties, coughing and lung infection. Despite important therapeutic advances, definitive treatment for CF remains elusive. a good candidate gene therapy because it relatively common, lethal monogenic does not have adequate options. In this review article, we reviewed potential option CF. ...

We have tested a new Doppler ultrasound apparatus which registers both fetal movements and fetal heart rate with a single transducer. To evaluate the reliability of the recognition of movements we also observed them simultaneously by real time ultrasound. In 20 patients with normal pregnancies between the 30th and 42nd week of gestation, taking the real time ultrasound as reference the positive...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diaphragmatic breathing is known to have a beneficial effect on the cardiopulmonary system, and enhances parasympathetic activation. We evaluated the influence of diaphragmatic breathing on time domain measures of heart rate variability in diabetics and healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 type 2 diabetics and 94 healthy subjects (controls) were randomly al...

OBJECTIVE Slow deep breathing has been proposed as an effective method to decrease pain. However, experimental studies conducted to validate this claim have not been carried out. DESIGN We measured thermal pain threshold and tolerance scores from 20 healthy adults during five different conditions, namely, during natural breathing (baseline), slow deep breathing (6 breaths/minute), rapid breat...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of deep-breathing exercises on pulmonary function, atelectasis, and arterial blood gas levels after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS In a prospective, randomized trial, patients performing deep-breathing exercises (n = 48) were compared to a control group (n = 42) who performed no breathing exercises postope...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of the abdominal muscles during coughing between smokers and nonsmokers. [Subjects] A total of 30 healthy adults (15 smokers, 15 nonsmokers) participated. [Methods] The percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction values (%MVIC) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external abdominal oblique (EO), and internal abdominal oblique (IO)...

COPD patients often experience shortness of breath as a result inflammation in the lungs that develops long term. is generally characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing with phlegm, and wheezing or wheezing. In this condition, patient finds comfortable position to reduce breath. The aim study was look at appropriate effective interventions reducing spasms patients. This literature created...