objectives: this study aimed to compare the incidence of white spot lesions (wsls) around orthodontic bands following the application of two glass ionomer (gi) cements namely gc gold label and gc fuji plus for six to 12 months. materials and methods: a total of 186 permanent first molars of orthodontic patients requiring banding of at least two permanent first molars were chosen. the teeth were...

The effects of a combined fixing and decalcifying solution, trichloroacetic acid, on prepared bone marrow specimens were evaluated to try to improve the speed of trephine biopsy processing in our laboratory. The morphological preservation obtained immediately after decalcification was complete was assessed, and also after prolonged immersion in each of two solutions. Trichloracetic acid was mad...

Enamel structure is of importance in demineralization. Differences in porosity in enamel effect the rate of demineralization, seen between permanent and deciduous teeth. Individual differences have been shown in the mean mineral concentration values in enamel, the role of this in demineralization is not thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to study variations of depths of artifici...

A new method for quick chitin isolation from the shells of crab, crayfish and shrimp is described. The main difference between the new method and the conventional method is two sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatments for 10 min each before the processes of demineralisation and deproteinisation. After the NaClO treatment, only 15 min is adequate for the demineralisation and 20 min for the deprote...

T he technique of cementing orthodontic bands to teeth was first introduced by Magil I in 1871 and remained the treatment of choice for more than 85 years. Direct bonding has replaced anterior teeth banding and offers significant advantages such as improved esthetics, ease of placement, patient comfort, decreased soft tissue irritation, enhanced ability to detect interproximal decay, and less d...

BACKGROUND Recent technical advances in digital image capture and analysis greatly improve the measurement of protein expression in tissues. Breast cancer biomarkers provide a unique opportunity to utilize digital image analysis to evaluate sources of variability that are caused by the tissue preparation, in particular the decalcification treatment associated with the analysis of bone metastati...