until now many studies have been done over recent decades throughout the world to show the right age to start english. in iran, research is still at an early stage in terms of evaluating teachers’ beliefs about teaching children english. the problem of at what age to start teaching english and how to teach english to elementary school children has not been solved neither in this country nor els...

the present paper deals with criminal issues. for example, legal injunction on the necessity of returning a deposit has a legal nature and legal injunction on the punishment of those who breach the trust has a criminal nature. existing social issues are the basis of classification of some instances into the issue, some of which are based on variation and others on quality. therefore, the motiva...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

abstract cooperative learning refers to small groups of learners working together as a team to solve a problem, complete a task, or accomplish a common goal. in a cooperative environment one’s success is directly related to the success of other members because the focus on the individual shifts towards the group. to test the effectiveness of the method, using jigsaw technique, a study was cond...

The concept of "inclusive development" has been expanded with the aim of placing special emphasis on the social and political aspects of development. In explaining this concept, the focus of how well-being is distributed to different sections of society, especially disadvantaged groups and social minorities (such as youth, women, ethnic minorities, religious minorities, etc.), is at stake. The ...

The concept of "inclusive development" has been expanded with the aim of placing special emphasis on the social and political aspects of development. In explaining this concept, the focus of how well-being is distributed to different sections of society, especially disadvantaged groups and social minorities (such as youth, women, ethnic minorities, religious minorities, etc.), is at stake. The ...