An assessment of wood workers' exposure to airborne cultivable bacteria, fungi, inhalable endotoxins and inhalable organic dust was performed at 12 sawmills that process mainly coniferous wood species. In each plant, samples were collected at four or five different work sites (debarking, sawing, sorting, planing and sawing cockpit) and the efficiency of sampling devices (impinger or filter) for...

The study was carried out on the availability and utilization pattern of various wild plant species by migratory elephants in relation to their nutritive values. It wasobserved that migratory elephants were selective for food plants in the wilderness. Out of 52 recorded plant species, only 22 plant species were found to be utilized either fully or partially as evidenced by branch breaking, deba...

Dead wood is an important habitat for both fungi and insects, two enormously diverse groups that contribute to forest biodiversity. Unlike the myriad of studies on fungus–insect relationships, insect communities ascomycete sporocarps are less explored, particularly those in hidden habitats such as underneath bark. Here, I present my observations community dynamics Biscogniauxia spp. oak dead fr...

Processing whole trees into pulp chips with chain flail delimber/debarker/chippers (DDCs) is costly. Production rates of DDCs are limited by the residence time required to remove limbs and bark. Using a pull-through delimber, we delimbed trees prior to flailing and chipping, with the objective of speeding up the latter processes. Pre-delimbing increased the productivity of the DDC by about 10 p...

Introduction The present changes in climate and land use have led to an increase pest population densities. oak pinhole borer, Platypus cylindrus , is one of the ambrosia beetles, which are known infect wood tissue with fungi from their mycangia. These responsible for cellulose degradation. This species now more frequent timber damage throughout Europe. Therefore, it assumed that there a high r...

The research was conducted with the goal to determine variability of quality parameters wood chips produced from most favorable raw material (energy roundwood), and in controllable operational conditions (pellet factory), as first step identifying opportunities optimize chips’ monitoring. Four types were tested: fir/spruce beech debarked energy roundwood, well bark same species. Sampling during...

Movement of invasive wood-boring insects in wood products presents a threat to forest health and a management challenge for public and private land managers. The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a new pest in San Diego and Riverside Cos., CA, believed to have been introduced on firewood. This beetle has caused elevated levels of oak mortality s...

Tannins from Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) bark were extracted with water at different temperatures (60–140 °C) in an ASE-350 system order to optimize yield. In addition, the effect of chemicals such as urea, sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), carbonate (Na2CO3), benzoate on yield was also investigated. Bark debarking processes both a sawmill pulp mill inc...