In this paper we describe the most recent work within ISO TC37/SC 4, and in particular the development of a Data Category Registry (DCR) component of the Linguistic Annotation Framework. The DCR will contain a formally defined set of linguistic categories in common use within the language engineering community for reference and use in linguistically annotated resources. We outline the first pro...

BACKGROUND Epiphora is a common complaint of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults. The precise pathogenesis of NLDO is still unknown, but inflammatory processes are believed to be predisposing factors. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is an effective surgical technique for treating symptomatic NLDO. The purpose of the procedure is to relieve the patient's symptoms by creating...

The DCR methodology is a framework that proposes a generic and detailed evaluation of spoken dialog systems. We have already detailed (Antoine et al., 1998) the theoretical bases of this paradigm. In this paper, we present some experimental results on spoken language understanding that show the feasibility and the reliability of the DCR evaluation as well as its ability to provide a detailed di...

PURPOSE To compare the spiral computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG) findings of failed and successful dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and to detect the possible causes of failure before reoperation. METHODS Eighteen patients with failed and 15 patients with functional DCR were examined by spiral CT-DCG, a combination of contrast dacryocystography and spiral computed tomography. Radiol...

In the following year’s authors as Caldwell [5], West [6] and Mosher [7] proposed the intranasal access to the lacrimal sac. However it was just in the last two decades of the past century that the endoscopic approach gained progressive interest, thanks to the exponential affirmation of the modern endoscopic technique. Nowadays the success rate of the two procedures, ex-DCR and endoscopic DCR (...

The preparation of the DCR has been started since LCWS2006 at Bangalore[1]. Four editors for the detector part, Ties Behnke, Chris Damerell, John Jaros and Akiya Miyamoto, have worked together with authors of sub-sections to prepare the document. The preliminary version has been open to the community after the workshop at Beijing (BILCW07)[2]. Taking into account comments from the community as ...

BACKGROUND Epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa are erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) indicated for the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure, including patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis. Clinical experience demonstrates that the dose conversion ratio (DCR) between epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa is nonproportional across the dosing spectrum. However, previous calcu...