Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) were investigated as a source of iodine in the formation of iodo-trihalomethane (iodo-THM) and iodo-acid disinfection by-products (DBPs), both of which are highly genotoxic and/or cytotoxic in mammalian cells. ICM are widely used at medical centers to enable medical imaging of soft tissues (e.g., organs, veins, blood vessels), they are almost completely excr...

Disinfection is mandatory for swimming pools: public pools are usually disinfected by gaseous chlorine or sodium hypochlorite and cartridge filters; home pools typically use stabilized chlorine. These methods produce a variety of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which are regulated carcinogenic DBPs in drinking water that have been detected in the blood and breath...

The yeast PRP28 g ene has been implicated in nuclear precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing, a two-step reaction involved in a multitude of RNA structural alterations. Prp28p, the gene product of PRP28 , is a member of the evolutionarily conserved DEAD-box proteins (DBPs). Members of DBPs are involved in a variety of RNA-related biochemical processes, presumably by their putative RNA helic...

Abstract Disinfectants and preservatives used as biocides may contain or release active substances (a.s.) that can form by-products with the surrounding matrices during their application which be released into environment. Over past 40 years, several hundred of these so-called disinfection (DBPs) have been detected after applications for disinfection. Due to intensive research further developme...

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramine, and ozone react with organic matter in water. Chlorine being the most common disinfectant used in the drinking water industry worldwide, significant attention has been focused on chlorinated DBPs. A new indexing method using fuzzy synthetic evaluation is proposed to determine the health risk associated w...

This data article reports the relationship between of the bromide ion concentration and the formation potential of disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) including, trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) upon chlorination and monochloramination of the raw water of Karoon River water in Iran. Water samples were collected at an intake of a drinking water treatment p...

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water represent a public health issue and a challenge for epidemiology to provide evidence towards the causation of various hypothesized health effects. Validation of a biomarker of exposure to DBPs is a strategy to achieve progress which has been advocated. The objective of this study was to validate urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) excretion as a...

Ozone has been widely used for drinking water treatment recently. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dosing ozone on the formation potentials and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs, brominated DBPs in particular) during subsequent chlorination. Trihalomethanes (THMs), trihaloacetic acids (THAAs), dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs), dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs), chloral hydra...

Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are far more cytotoxic and genotoxic than carbonaceous DBPs (Plewa & Wagner 2009). Among the N-DBPs, nitrosamines have been shown to be probable human carcinogens associated with 10–6 lifetime cancer risk at ng/L levels (USEPA 2002). An increasing number of water treatment plants (WTPs) in the United States have been using or considering chloraminat...

Drinking water disinfection by-product (DBP) occurrence research is important in supporting risk assessment and regulatory performance assessment. Recent DBP occurrence surveys have expanded their scope to include non-regulated priority DBPs as well as regulated DBPs. This study applies a Box-Cox transformed multivariate normal model and data augmentation methods for left-censored and missing o...