Few studies have addressed whether in-field practices to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching might increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which could undermine attempts mitigate agricultural N pollution. Over a 3-year period, we assessed the impacts of application timing and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop on subsurface drainage NO3-N N2O emissions quantify changes in total loss...

In recent years, cost-sensitive intrusion response has gained significant interest mainly due to its emphasis on the balance between potential damage incurred by the intrusion and cost of the response. However, one of the challenges in applying this approach is defining consistent and adaptable measurements of these cost factors on the basis of requirements and policy of the system being protec...

Cloud storage multi-homing (a.k.a. as multicloud) represents a possible solution to achieve enhanced availability of one’s own data and build an extremely reliable cloud environment out of relatively unreliable single cloud platforms. However, subscribing with multiple cloud providers comes at a cost. The cost of multiple subscriptions must be compared against the damage resulting from the poss...

in this paper, the optimal location and characteristics of tadas dampers in moment resisting steel structures, considering the application of minimum number of tadas dampers in a building as an objective function and the restriction for destruction of main members is studied. genetic algorithm in first generation randomly produces different chromosomes representing unique tadas dampers distribu...

Significant quantities of toxic metals are emitted to the air by the incineration of waste, as well as by the combustion of coal and oil. To optimize the regulations for their emissions one needs to know the cost of their damage. That requires an impact pathway analysis, with realistic dispersion models, exposure-response functions, and monetary values. In this article we explain the method and...

in this paper, a crack localization method for euler-bernoulli beams via an efficient static data based indicator is proposed. the crack in beams is simulated here using a triangular variation in the stiffness. static responses of a beam are obtained by the finite element modeling. in order to reduce the computational cost of damage detection method, the beam deflection is fitted through a poly...

INTRODUCTION To evaluate relative cost of external fixator constructs applied for damage control purposes in a cohort of advanced orthopaedic trainees and orthopaedic staff traumatologists. We also sought to evaluate physicians' understanding of component cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were asked to apply an external fixator for three separate fracture patterns in damage control fas...