A number of materials have recently been developed specifically for advanced ultrasound applications. These are high-density ceramics, fine grain ceramics, high dielectric constant ceramics, and single crystal piezoelectrics. Improvements in properties resulting from these materials range from greater strength and improved machinability to increased transducer element capacitance and coupling. ...

Preceramic polymers, i.e., polymers that are converted into ceramics upon heat treatment, have been successfully used for almost 40 years to give advanced ceramics, especially belonging to the ternary SiCO and SiCN systems or to the quaternary SiBCN system. One of their main advantages is the possibility of combining the shaping and synthesis of ceramics: components can be shaped at the precurs...

Many properties of porous calcium phosphate ceramics have been described, but how pore size influences bony integration of various porous ceramics remains unclear. This study was performed to quantify the bony ingrowth and biodegradability of two porous calcium phosphate ceramics with four different pore size ranges (45-80 microm, 80-140 microm, 140-200 microm, and 200-250 microm). Hydroxyapati...

The actual grinding result of ceramics has not been well predicted by the present mechanical models. No allowance is made for direct effects of materials microstructure and almost all the mechanical models were obtained based on crystalline ceramics. In order to improve the mechanical models of ceramics, surface grinding experiments on crystalline ceramics and non-crystalline ceramics were cond...

An analytical model providing simultaneous, self-consistent representations of the temperature and porosity dependence of the elastic and bulk moduli of polycrystalline ceramics is applied to data compiled from the literature for 24 oxide ceramics.

Mechanical strengthening by grain refinement is a method whereby a material’s strength and hardness can be increased by decreasing the average crystallite grain size. The empirical Hall–Petch relationship mathematically describes grain boundary strengthening and provides guidance for a straightforward way to produce stronger materials. While the phenomenon has been widely explored in nanocrysta...

Classification systems for all-ceramic materials are useful for communication and educational purposes and warrant continuous revisions and updates to incorporate new materials. This article proposes a classification system for ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials in an attempt to systematize and include a new class of materials. This new classification system categorizes ceramic rest...

An appreciation for experimental work and the development of laboratory skills are essential parts of undergraduate materials education. To develop effective laboratory courses in materials, the unique characteristics and properties of ceramics must be considered. Normally, ceramics cannot be produced by the methods commonly used for metals and polymers because ceramics are more refractory and ...

Introduction After more than a decade of research and development, nanotechnology has reshaped the traditional thinking (or lack thereof) of using ceramics for drug delivery. Although drug delivery has been a polymer-dominated field, the blossoming of nanotechnology means that ceramic materials are now showing much promise for numerous drug delivery applications. Typically, nanotechnology is de...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationships among three flexural strengths of recent dental ceramics using 3-point and 4-point bending tests and biaxial flexural test. Three brands of porcelain for veneering (d.SIGN, Supper porcelain AAA, Vintage Hallo), two injectable ceramics (Empress 2, OPC 3G), and one castable ceramic (Crys-Cera) were used. Twenty bar-shaped and 10 d...