Two different limiting dilution systems have been applied to compare precursor frequencies of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells (CTL-P) in the polyclonally and specifically activated lymphocyte populations and in selected Lyt T cell subsets. Both systems make use of T cell growth factor for T cell expansion but differ with respect to the activation step in that lymphocytes are either activated dir...

Indirect evidence indicates that herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte induction is regulated by suppressor cells. To search for such suppressor effects, supernatant fluids from splenocyte cultures from normal and HSV-immune mice cultured either with or without viral stimulation were tested for their ability to inhibit HSV-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte induction. Only the...

allergic rhinitis (ar) is an ige-mediated upper airway disease, and its impact on asthma has been widely recognized. protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (ptpn22) gene and the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (ctla-4) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with several immune-related diseases. here we investigated the reffect of these two genes’ polymorphisms ...

Interference with inhibitory immunological checkpoints controlling T cell activation provides new opportunities to augment cancer immunotherapies. Whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade has shown promising preclinical and clinical results, therapeutic CD4(+)CD25(+) T reg cell depletion has failed to consistently enhance immune-based therapies. Using B16/BL6, a transplantab...

Among 27 uveal melanomas, five were found to contain tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Four had high levels of lymphocytes, and the fifth had comparatively low levels but adequate numbers for comprehensive analysis. The TILs were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets and markers of lymphocyte activation. The results show the predominance of ...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) help control virus infections by killing virus-infected (target) cells. How fast do CTL find and kill target cells in vivo? Experiments allow us to follow populations of labeled target cells after their transfer into immune mice where they are killed by CTL. Here, we develop models of the migration and killing processes involved in these experiments and use them to...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are crucial for immune control of viral infections. "Functional avidity," defined by the sensitizing dose of exogenously added epitope yielding half-maximal CTL triggering against uninfected target cells (SD(50)), has been utilized extensively as a measure of antiviral efficiency. However, CTLs recognize infected cells via endogenously produced epitopes, and the r...

We demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) suppress HIV-1 replication in primary lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells individually. Viral inhibition is significantly diminished in lymphocyte-dendritic cell clusters, suggesting that these clusters in vivo could be sites where viral replication is more difficult to control ...