BACKGROUND The elucidation of the molecular pathways from the 20-40.000 genes of the sequenced human genome via investigation of genetic networks and molecular pathways up to the cellular and organismal phenotypes is highly complex and time consuming. STRATEGY AND GOALS The proposed upside-down research strategy of a human cytome project accesses the expressed molecular cell phenotypes by dif...

Background: Genomic instability is one of primary causes for malignant cell transformation. In this study induced genomic instability expressed as micronuclei in breast cancer (BC) patients with different stages of the disease compared with their unaffected first degree relatives (FDR) and normal unrelated controls was investigated. Materials and Methods: The background and net micronucleus fre...

Micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) are biomarkers of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. These genome damage events can be measured simultaneously in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay. The molecular mechanisms leading to these events have been investigated over the past two decades using mo...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and is the commonest form of dementia. One aim of this study was to determine whether AD individuals have altered plasma folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) levels compared to controls. The other aim was to investigate correlations between B vitamins and buccal biomarkers to test whether they are influ...

Agricultural workers are often exposed to high levels of pesticides over prolonged periods of time. We attempted to determine whether exposure to multiple pesticides shortens relative telomere length (RTL) and causes nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) formation via the mechanism of telomere-end fusion in the lymphocytes of agricultural workers. For measuring RTL, we used quantitative fluorescent in sit...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB), Lung Cancer (LC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) affect millions of individuals worldwide. Monitoring of DNA damage in pathological situations has been investigated because it can add a new dimension to clinical expression and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the fr...

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is associated with increased cancer risk. Instability of the genetic material plays a key role in the aetiology of human cancer. This study aimed to analyse genomic instability with the micronucleus cytome assay in exfoliated buccal cells depending on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and medication in 146 female DM2 patients. The occurrence of micronuclei was s...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent high levels of glucose in plasma. Chronic hyperglycemia is thought to increase oxidative stress and the formation of free radicals that in turn damage cells. Thus, we decided to determine the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in epithelial cells from cheek and tongue mucosa of DM patients with type 1 (DM1, treated only w...

Objectives: L-carnitine has been used as therapy in hemodialysis patients for many years. When HCV was present, higher rates of patient mortality displayed. However, no study is concerned with the synergistic effect of L-carnitine and HCV. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on the markers of DNA damage and oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis patients...