Pleural effusions (PE) are a common clinical problem. The discrimination between benign (BPE), malignant (MPE) and paramalignant (PPE) pleural effusions is highly important to ensure appropriate patient treatment. Today, cytology is the gold standard for diagnosing malignant pleural effusions. However, its sensitivity is limited due to the sometimes low abundance of tumor cells and the challeng...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is one of the most important tests in diagnosis central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although CSF commonly used neurological pathological conditions, it also has its place psychiatry. Studies to date have described several valuable specific cytomorphological phenomena cerebrospinal patients with acute schizophrenia, which indicate inflammatory or immune-medi...

Carcinoma uterine cervix is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide. To detect this widely prevalent cancer at an early stage, the simplest test has been a pap smear. Reporting of pap smears is done by using The Bethesda System 2001 prior to which many classification systems were developed [1,2,3,4]. To check the sensitivity and specificity of Bethesda system, the cytolo...