In an earlier report, a respiration-deficient mutant of yeast which lacks all cytochromes and hemoproteins and accumulates coproporphyrin was described. This respiration-deficient mutant was temperature-sensitive and resulted from the single chromosomal gene(cyt). In this study, the activity of coproporphyrinogenase, catalyzing the conversion of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen, was ass...

The photoreducible cytochrome (Cyt) b from Dictyostelium discoideum was purified by differential precipitation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography over Sephadex G-100, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and calcium phosphate. The purified Cyt is composed of a single subunit of 15,000 daltons including a noncovalently bound protohaem, and exhibits in the reduced form alpha absorption bands at 555...

Mitochondrially mediated apoptosis is characterized by redistribution of proteins from mitochondria to cytoplasm following permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane. We applied flow cytometry to quantify simultaneously the redistribution of two apoptogenic proteins, cytochrome c (cyt c) and Smac/DIABLO (Smac). Mammalian cells were treated with digitonin that selectively permeabilizes...

As an important biomarker for the early stage of apoptosis, cytochrome c (Cyt c) has been recognized as a key component of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Fluorescence imaging tools enabling detection of Cyt c in apoptotic signaling have been rarely explored, though they are critical for cell biology and clinical theranostics. Here, we designed a novel label-free N-doped carbon dot (N-doped CD...

[Ru(bpy)2(PVP)10] (RuPVP (bpy = 2,2-bipyridyl; PVP = poly(4-vinylpyridine)) was synthesized and characterized as described previously. Styrene (MW= 104.15), 2Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, MW= 223.27), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, MW= 207.23), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, average Mw= 100,000200,000), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS, average MW= 70000),...

Platoshyn O, Yu Y, Ko EA, Remillard CV, Yuan JX. Heterogeneity of hypoxia-mediated decrease in IK(V) and increase in [Ca ]cyt in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L402–L416, 2007. First published May 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00391.2006.—Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is caused by a rise in cytosolic Ca ([Ca ]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth mu...

Upper cytoplasmic (U-Cyt) antibodies are directed against cytoplasmic antigens found in keratinocytes in the upper layers of the epidermis. Until now, they have been defined by indirect immunofluorescence and are known to occur in the sera of patients with cutaneous diseases such as bullous dermatoses, basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. An increased incidence of U-Cyt antibodies has also bee...

cyt-PTP epsilon is a naturally occurring nonreceptor form of the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) epsilon. As such, cyt-PTP epsilon enables analysis of phosphatase regulation in the absence of extracellular domains, which participate in dimerization and inactivation of the receptor-type phosphatases receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (RPTPalpha) and CD45. Using imm...

An increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for pulmonary arterial medial hypertrophy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) sense the blood flow shear stress through interstitial fluid drive...

The cellular process of intrinsic apoptosis relies on the peroxidation of mitochondrial lipids as a critical molecular signal. Lipid peroxidation is connected to increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, but there is also a required role for mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt-c). In apoptotic mitochondria, cyt-c gains a new function as a lipid peroxidase that catalyzes the reactive oxyge...