Professional burnout is a complex set of different components. Emotional exhaustion, related to depersonalization and a sense of lowered personal achievements, is the most important phenomenon, which likely starts the whole process. A significant cause of the burnout is the loss of resources. According to Hobfoll's conservation of resources theory, the burnout syndrome is defined as a process o...

The present study introduces eight comic styles (i.e., fun, humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism) and examines the validity of a set of 48 marker items for their assessment, the Comic Style Markers (CSM). These styles were originally developed to describe literary work and are used here to describe individual differences. Study 1 examines whether the eight styles can be di...

The objectives of the study were to investigate job burnout and leader-member exchange (LMX) levels as well as to evaluate buffering effects of LMX on burnout among dietitians and chefs at institutional foodservices. Hypotheses were proposed based on the Job Demands-Resources model and LMX theory. The study population consisted of dietitians and chefs who were in charge of managing unit operati...

BACKGROUND As health care workers face a wide range of psychosocial stressors, they are at a high risk of developing burnout syndrome, which in turn may affect hospital outcomes such as the quality and safety of provided care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of job control on the relationship between workload and burnout. METHODS A total of 352 hospit...

Success depends upon knowing future, assessing current abilities and managing change. Mintzberg (1994) provides one of the best--albeit cynical-views of planning in American organizations. His cynicism may be well directed, however, in that he presents ample evidence that most organizations and organizational planners enter into planning with little understanding of the definitions and various ...

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author.

ONLY A FEW months after the Berlin Wall came down in the fall of 1989, the West German government decided that it should establish a currency union with East Germany. I Shortly thereafter, the West and East German governments agreed to economic, monetary, and social union. By July 1991, the State Treaty, which formalized the union, came into force; by October, the German Democratic Republic cea...