The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, c13, of 55 organic solutes and water in three ionic liquids with the common cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and the polar anions Cl , [CH3SO3] and [(CH3)2PO4] , were determined by (gas + liquid) chromatography at four temperatures in the range (358.15 to 388.15) K for alcohols and water, and T = (398.15 to 428.15) K for the other organic solute...

The formal [3 + 2]-photocycloaddition of 2-hydroxy- (2a) and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (2b) to olefins was studied in various solvents aiming at a possible enantioselective reaction course. The reaction conditions were optimised for irradiation at low temperature in a nonpolar solvent employing external fluorescent lamps as irradiation sources. Best yields for the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-nap...

The synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the cataytic performance of the resulting material (PdNPs/MWCNTs) on hydrogenation reactions are presented. Facile preparation approaches based on the decomposition of Pd precursors in the presence of MWCNTs lead to homogeneous dispersions of supported Pd-NPs with average size of 4 nm and Pd loads ...

Hydrothermal (HT) treatment of seeds from Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), a non-native and invasive species in the southeastern United States, was examined with respect to the generation of gas-phase and semi-volatile organic chemicals of industrial importance from a lipid-rich biomass resource. Aqueous seed slurries were transformed into biphasic liquid systems comprised of a milky aqueous...

Heterocyclic analogs of ceramide as 3-alkanoyl or benzoyl-4-(1-hydroxy-2-enyl)-oxazolidin-2-ones were designed by binding of primary alcohol and amide in sphinogosine backbone as a carbamate. They were synthesized by addition of acyl halide to the common ring 4-(1-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyhexadec-2-enyl)-oxazolidin-2-one which was elaborated from chiral aziridine-2-carboxylate including stereosel...

Carbon-carbon bond formation at unreactive sp(3)-carbons in small organic molecules via chain walking was achieved for the palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,n-dienes. Various 1,n-dienes (n = 7-14) such as those containing cyclic alkenes, acyclic internal alkenes, and a trisubstituted alkene can be used for the chain-walking cycloisomerization/hydrogenation process, and five-membered r...

A general method for the hydro-alkyl addition to the nonactivated C=C double bond of alkenes using alkyl chloroformates (primary, secondary), 12, and di-tert-butylpyrocarbonate, 52, mediated by ethylaluminum sesquichloride (Et(3)Al(2)Cl(3)) has been developed. Reaction of 12 and 52, respectively, with Et(3)Al(2)Cl(3) gives an alkyl cation which is added to the alkene; hydride transfer to the ad...