ATP delivery and its usage are achieved by cycling of respective intermediates through interconnected coupled reactions. At steady state, cycling between coupled reactions always occurs at zero resistance of the whole cycle without dissipation of free energy. The cross-bridge cycle can also be described by a system of coupled reactions: one energising reaction, which energises myosin heads by c...

the calling behavior of virgin carob moth females, ectomyelois ceratoniae (zeller) (lep.: pyralidae) was evaluated under two different thermal regimes, cycling and constant temperatures under laboratory condition. the period of calling activity under cycling temperature was prolonged and the total period of calling activity of an individual female was increased. although moths maintained under ...

interrupting the processes which control ecosystem resources has dramatic impacts on the rangeland conditions. to protect ecosystems and landscape, it needs to understand the ecosystem processes which regulate the ecosystem resources. as main components of ecosystems, patches and inter-patches play important roles in energy and materials cascade. ecologically, functional parameters such as stab...

Introduction: Current Thermal cycling units fail to simulate the drinking behaviors, and oral balancing temperature. They cannot also simulate other oral conditions such as drink coloring, and chemicals like tea, coffee, carbonated and noncarbonated, citrus juices as well as alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks and also saliva and milk itself. The main objective of this study is to introduce the d...

the present study was conducted on buffaloes that were non-cycling (heifers, n=32; lactating, n=13) or cycling (heifers, n=11; lactating, n=27) and in the buffaloes that conceived (heifers; n=11; lactating, n=23)or failed to conceive (heifers, n=32; lactating, n=17) subsequent to artificial insemination. plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones, glucose, to...

background as the field of off-road cycling is usually remote areas with limited access to medical care, off-road cyclists are at higher risk of animal attacks and related injuries. case presentation we report two cases of dog attacks in off-road cycling and discuss the basic principles in prevention and management of such incidents. the cyclists received all 5-dose regimen of the rabies vaccin...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the loss of enamel and dentin surface caused by the interaction between abrasives in toothpaste and toothbrush filament stiffness. METHODS The study followed a 2 (high-level or low-level abrasive; silica) × 3 (filament stiffness; soft, medium or hard) × 2 (cycling time; 3 or 5 days) factorial design. Polished bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 8 each per group) ...

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that compared to upright posture, slower oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics resulting from exercise at the same relative metabolic load in the supine posture will be associated with increased muscle de-oxygenation and greater myoelectrical activity. Nine subjects completed one 12-min heavy-intensity constant-load exercises in each of the supine ...

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the load-bearing capacity of posterior three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) produced with three different all-ceramic framework materials: glass-infiltrated alumina (ICA), glass-infiltrated alumina strengthened with zirconia (ICZ), and yttria-stabilized polycrystalline zirconia (YZ). Additionally, the influence on aging of mechanical cyclic ...

This paper describes the design and accuracy evaluation of a dynamometric pedal, which measures the two pedal force components in the plane of the bicycle. To realize a design that could be used during actual off-road cycling, a popular clipless pedal available commercially was modified so that both the form and the function of the original design were maintained. To measure the load components...