Board level reliability testing was used to compare six lead free alloys to tin-lead eutectic using a 98 ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP). The component had a 0.5mm Ball Grid Array (BGA) pitch, and Al/NiV/Cu pad metallization. Thermal cycling (4 conditions), cyclic bend (2 conditions), cyclic drop (3 conditions), and solder joint array tensile testing (3 conditions) were utilized to ...

First stage larval marsh grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris, were exposed to patterns of diurnal, semidiurnal, and constant hypoxia to evaluate effects on growth and to determine if there was a consistent relationship between exposures. A comparison of growth with cyclic exposures versus constant low dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations equivalent to the minima of the cycles showed the cycli...

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the bending resistance at 45º, the static and dynamic cyclic fatigue life, and the fracture type of the WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) 25-08 and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) 25-08 instruments. A total of 60 nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (30 Reciproc and 30 WaveOne) from three different lots, each of which was 25 ...

Aim: In vitro study evaluation of the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating and rotary single-file system [Wave One Gold (WOG), Reciproc, Hyflex electrical discharge machining (EDM) file systems] utilizing cyclic fatigue testing device. Materials and methods: Three nickel–titanium rotary systems (Hyflex EDM size #25, 0.06 taper and Reciproc and WOG size #25, 0.06 taper) were used in this s...

BACKGROUND Traditional biomechanical evaluations of rotator cuff repair techniques employ cyclic loading of the supraspinatus tendon in an isolated medial direction. PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate 2 different rotator cuff repair techniques that are currently the subject of debate with cyclic loading and with internal and external humeral rotation to better simulate postoperative...

Cyclic nanoindentation allows characterizing the influence of single phases and their interactions on fatigue mechanisms. Herein, a method for high cycle testing by is presented. By combining high- low-frequency indentation modes, numbers are achieved while obtaining sufficient data points to reconstruct force–displacement hysteresis loops. A challenge stochastic course thermal drift which addr...

Cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium, engine-driven instruments was studied by determining the effect of canal curvature and operating speed on the breakage of Lightspeed instruments. A new method of canal curvature evaluation that addressed both angle and abruptness of curvature was introduced. Canal curvature was simulated by constructing six curved stainless-steel guide tubes with angles of cur...