210 Iranian women participated in a study in two main categories (comprising six subgroups) for comparison of prophylactic antibiotic prescription by the intravenous route with the irrigation method together with control subgroups. Interesting results from our study were: 1- There was no significant statistical difference between subgroups with regard to infectious morbidity. 2- The rate ...

For several years, international organisations including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the World Customs Organization (WCO), the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the European Union, have considered and provided recommendations on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance trade facilitation and to improve the proce...

International e-Customs is going through a standardization process. Driven by the need to increase control in the trade process to address security challenges stemming from threats of terrorists, diseases, and counterfeit products, and to lower the administrative burdens on traders to stay competitive, national customs and regional economic organizations are seeking to establish a standardized ...

In the International trade of the commodities, the rate of customs duties and other local duties are determined on the basis of World Customs Organization (WCO) approved HS classification that is followed in most of the countries. Since the classification is based on a number of rules that are subjected to different interpretation, disputes may arise between the customs department and the impor...

Background There is increasing interest globally in the use of more rigorous processes to ensure that maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) care recommendations are informed by the best available research evidence use. The purpose of this study was to engage Nigerian MNCH policy-makers and other stakeholders to consider issues around research to policy and practice interface and to assess ...

Millions of shipping containers filled with goods move around the world every day. Before such a container may enter a trade bloc, the customs agency of the goods’ destination country must ensure that it does not contain illegal or mislabeled goods. Due to the high volume of containers, customs agencies make a selection of containers to audit through a risk analysis procedure. Customs agencies ...