This article builds on earlier research, which concludes that societies cannot sustain themselves without cultures of optimism. These cultures are reproduced by a complex of ‘optimism promoters’, all of which can be seen to be engaged in a kind of unstated or ‘implicit’ cultural policy, with the production of optimism as one of its goals. The institution of religion is part of this complex. Its...

Recent publications have highlighted alternative analytical thinking strategies to inform and facilitate improved intelligence analysis. Red teaming, fast and slow thinking, divergent thinking, as well as other strategies have been identified as essential to understanding today's radically different, nontraditional landscape that analysts and collectors are expected to operate in: to understand...

We carried out 3 studies in which methods to increase implicit life satisfaction in collectivist participants were investigated. In Study 1, participants were instructed to recall their day from a positive perspective, each day for a total of 17 days. While participants explicitly rated their lives as being less negative, this did not result in implicit life satisfaction changes in those partic...

Research has shown that capacity for accessing implicit motives promotes congruence between the implicit and the explicit motivational system: Individuals able to test a conscious goal for its fit with their implicit motivation commit themselves more fully to self-congruent goals. However, it has not yet been shown whether this is a universal phenomenon or limited to Euro-American cultures in w...

A house, as a primary dwelling is designed according to life style and current values in the life and mind of Residents. House is a cultural element, containing cultural meanings situated in the spirit of a house, distinguish the form of other houses. Special life style and conduct of residents becomes value through time. This value organizes the meaning in the mind and determines meaning of li...

Information Systems research has proposed a range of knowledge elicitation and requirements analysis techniques, few of which apply specific strategies for eliciting implicit knowledge from participants. This paper demonstrates a methodology for eliciting tacit knowledge from the spoken discourse of organisational participants through directed interviews. It argues that Polanyi’s (1966:4) widel...

researchers have suggested that interactional feedback which is between teacher and learner during their writing is associated with l2 learning because it prompts learners to notice l2 forms. this paper reports a classroom-based study that investigated the role of feedback in socio-cultural theory. in this study, 12 efl learners performed on three writing tasks and were provided with a three-st...

Many tendencies in social perceivers’ judgments about individuals and groups can be integrated in terms of the premise that perceivers rely on implicit theories of agency acquired from cultural traditions. Whereas American culture primarily conceptualizes agency as a property of individual persons, other cultures conceptualize agency primarily in terms of collectives such as groups or nonhuman ...