proper opportunity of the city of genoa, its cooperation during the crusades, and the evolution in the terms of trade organization and practices at the same time that mongol empire was establishing, formed a new round of intercontinental trade . the importance of commerce for the mongol continued as a tradition in ilkhanids. genoese commercial presence in eastern ports and the black sea and als...

along with breakdown of soviet :union:, political geographical system as well as meaning construction of central asia and caucasus changed dramatically. thus new structure, necessities, and actors have emerged in relations between iran and countries locating in caucasus. one of these countries is azerbaijan. iran-azerbaijan relationship is of high significance from different aspects. after azer...

iran has the longest political relations with russia among other great powers. this relation is resulted from neighborhood, trade, and cultural and racial factors between iran's people with some of the russia’s independent republics. purchasing of weapons by iran and participations of the soviet :union: in economic projects of iran helped the strengthening of the relations between the two ...

Along the history, relations between Iran and Russia always faced with great changes and transitions and always, the foundation of these relations have been on the base of political, security and military and sometimes economical affairs. Iran and its people have special identity elements like: Persian language, Shiite Islamism, nationalism, regional hegemonies, anti-foreignism and etc, that so...

the purpose of this paper was to measure the social capital of the medical students of mashhad medical sciences university in the place they lived (their neighborhood), and the factors affecting it. the statistical universe was the university with a total of 5383 students. the sample was 244. the sampling was done using the systematic classification method, the classes being the faculty and sex...

from the perspective of the states that their foreign policy is based on geo-economy, the economy is the most important mechanism of influence in target areas. therefore, with the strengthening of trade relations would be in an appropriate level to increase the mutual relations.  after the independence of central eurasian states, geographical - political events of central eurasia led to the cre...

In the Andapa region of northeast Madagascar, smallholders cultivating swidden hill rice (tavy) for subsistence are pressing against neighboring nature reserves. A dominant policy approach to reducing this pressure requires that smallholders abandon tavy and purchase rice from proceeds obtained from their environmentally sustainable commercial crops, vanilla and coffee. Economic liberalization ...