The crystalline structure of cellulose has been studied for a long time. It is well known that crystallinity of cellulose can be measured using quite a number of methods, X-ray diffraction, solid state C CP-MAS NMR, Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The solid state C CP-MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy considers contributions from both crystalline and non-crys...

Oil palm biomass, namely empty fruit bunch and frond fiber, were pretreated using a planetary ball mill. Particle sizes and crystallinity index values of the oil palm biomass were significantly reduced with extended ball mill processing time. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by the generation of glucose, xylose, and total sugar conversion yields from the pretreatment process compared to t...

This research relates to the cellulosic fibres of treated deinked Mixed Office Waste (MOW) paper and is directed particularity to a method for improving the wet strength of recycled paper. The effect of chemical treatment of fibre was investigated. Fibres were treated with 6 and 10% Succinic Acid (SA), with 3% and 5% catalysts (based on the total weight of fibres). The catalysts used for this r...

a fourth-generation ziegler-natta catalyst was prepared to synthesize polypropylene (pp), which was stabilized by in situ polymerization employing lignin as antioxidant. the antioxidant properties of lignin were compared with those of the commercial antioxidant irganox 1010. the presence of lignin in the reaction medium slightly decreased the catalytic activity of the reaction. the isotacticity...

W artykule punktem wyj?cia uczyniono pytanie o to, jakie trwa?e i ponadczasowe elementy zawiera w sobie spu?cizna malarza pisarza – Józefa Czapskiego. Ukazane zosta?y przyk?ady nawi?zywania, czyli „powrotów” do biografii twórczo?ci artysty ostatnich latach. My?l? przewodni? artyku?u jest wskazywanie na zainteresowanie Czapskiego ró?nymi aspektami duchowo?ci. Duchowo?? bowiem uznawa? on za funda...

4. Title and Subtitle Investigating Regional Dynamic Traffic Assignment Modeling for Improved Bottleneck Analysis: Final Report 5. Report Date October 2012; Revised March 2013 Published June 2013 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) Jennifer C. Duthie, N. Nezamuddin, Natalia Ruiz Juri, Tarun Rambha, Chris Melson, C. Matt Pool, Stephen Boyles, S. Travis Waller, Roshan Kumar 8. Performing...

1. This document is AN124, one of a series of the Animal Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 17, 2001. Revised April, 2004. Revised December 2009. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Robert Myer, professor; Travis Maddock, post-doctoral associate; D...