Dr. Harald Müller is Director of the Peace Research Institute in Frankfurt. An earlier draft of this paper was prepared for the Aspen Strategy Group Workshop on the “Challenges of Nuclear and Biological Weapons Proliferation,” Aspen, Colorado, August 10-15, 1996. All nuclear weapons programs that concern us today date back to the time of the East-West conflict. The same applies to chemical and ...

Lightweighting materials (e.g., advanced high strength steels, aluminum alloys etc.) are increasingly being used by automotive companies as sheet metal components. However, accurate material models are needed for wider adoption. These constitutive material data are often developed by applying biaxial strain paths with cross-shaped (cruciform) specimens. Optimizing the design of specimens is a m...

The cruciform hypothesis states that if a visual evoked potential component originates in V1, then stimuli placed in the upper versus lower visual fields will generate responses with opposite polarity at the scalp. This diagnostic has been used by many studies as a definitive marker of V1 sources. To provide an empirical test of the validity of the cruciform hypothesis, we generated forward mod...

Recombination at stalled replication forks is regulated at an early stage by sumoylation. In this issue of Cell, Branzei et al. show that the Ubc9/SUMO modification pathway controls the accumulation of cruciform structures at stalled forks.

A 34 base pair tract of the simple repeating dinucleotide d(AT)n-d(AT)n cloned into a 2.4 kb polylinker plasmid vector undergoes a structural transition in response to negative superhelical coiling. The transition has been characterized by 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, mapping of S1, P1 and T7 endonuclease 1 sensitive sites, and mapping of sites that are sensitive to modification by bromoa...

In this paper, we derive the sufficient and necessary stability conditions for rolling missiles with velocity orientation autopilot. For mathematical derivation, linear time-invariant models are established. Structures of autopilot nonrolling introduced. addition, effects structure parameters on discussed. Furthermore, methods associated actuator dynamics, static decoupling presented to improve...

A new approach to guiding a swarm of missiles using an on-line evolutionary algorithm to optimise the flight paths is introduced. The missiles are flown via intermediate points which are adjusted dynamically by the evolutionary algorithm, then towards the point of impact with the target, thus altering the trajectory shape. Evolutionary algorithms are robust global optimisation techniques and ar...

It is demonstrated that positive supercoiling affiliated with nucleosome formation can act as the driving force to repair the G-quadruplex, cruciform as well as a stable non-B DNA structure caused by peptide nucleic acid.