OBJECTIVE To establish and validate a new system to define the severity of onychomycosis. The Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) score is obtained by multiplying the score for the area of involvement (range, 0-5) by the score for the proximity of disease to the matrix (range, 1-5). Ten points are added for the presence of a longitudinal streak or a patch (dermatophytoma) or for greater than 2 m...

BACKGROUND The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Kimberly Young is one of the most utilized diagnostic instruments for Internet addiction. Although many studies have documented psychometric properties of the IAT, consensus on the optimal overall structure of the instrument has yet to emerge since previous analyses yielded markedly different factor analytic results. OBJECTIVE The objective of t...

BACKGROUND Deterioration of health related quality of life (HRQoL) is common in brain tumor patients. This study evaluated validity and reliability of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) in patients with brain tumors. METHODS Two hundred and seventy-seven patients admitted for brain tumor surgery were evaluated for HRQoL (SF-36 questionnaire); depressive symptoms (Beck Depre...

STUDY DESIGN Questionnaire translation and validation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Early Onset Scoliosis-24 item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) into traditional Chinese, and to assess its validity, reliability, and sensitivity in Southern-Chinese patients diagnosed with early onset scoliosis (EOS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Relying on radiograph...

STUDY DESIGN Translation and validation of the Early Onset Scoliosis-24 Questionnaire (EOSQ-24). OBJECTIVE To cross-culturally adapt the American English version of the EOSQ-24 into Spanish language, and to assess its reliability and discriminative validity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) seeks to improve natural history and health-related quality of lif...

Because the two main models and instruments used to evaluate psychosocial factors at work were developed and applied primarily in developed countries, there are still questions about their properties in less economically developed countries. In this study, a Spanish version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was tested in Colombia. Cross-sectional studies, with self-administered surveys, we...

BACKGROUND In Sweden, 80-90% of children aged 1-5 years attend preschool, and that environment is well suited to identify behaviours that may be signs of mental health problems. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a well-known short and structured instrument measuring child behaviours that indicate mental health problems well suited for preschool use. AIM To investigate whet...

OBJECTIVE To translate the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) Questionnaire from English to Portuguese (from Portugal) and to validate this instrument of study on the Portuguese population. DESIGN In this prospective study, a translation from English into Portuguese of the IOI-HA was performed, and linguistic adaptation and counter translation were also accomplished. Th...

BACKGROUND Death by neurological criteria is often misunderstood by laypersons even though they make decisions about withdrawal of care and organ donation. No validated questionnaire for determining laypersons' understanding of brain death exists. Such a tool could be useful in clinical, educational, and research settings. METHODS Brain death experts and a focus group of laypersons were used ...

PURPOSE We prospectively designed a Taiwan cancer-related fatigue cognition questionnaire, version 1.0 (TCRFCQ-V1.0), for Taiwanese patients with cancer and investigated the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. RESULTS The completion rate of the TCRFCQ-V1.0 was high (97% of the patients completed all items), and the rate of missing data was low (0.2%-1.1% for each item). Moreover, ...