“realism” is a critical term which in its specific sense refers to a literary movement in mid-nineteenth century and in its general sense designates a style of writing that has continued into the contemporary period. the school principal, a short novel by jalal ale-ahmad, is a characteristic example of realism in its general sense in which the author attempts to represent people and social cond...

Research and development (R&D) collaborations are horizontal agreements among firms to join forces in their inventive activities. As the context of recent COVID-19 global pandemic, such often promoted with an argument increased R&D productivity. In numerous contexts, especially when marginal production costs low, as for medications or software, consumers' surplus depends critically on best-perf...