the structure of fluids confined by planar walls is studied using density functional theory. the density functional used is a generalized form of the hypernetted chain (hnc) functional which contains a term third order in the density. this term is chosen to ensure that the modified density functional gives the correct bulk pressure. the proposed density functional applied to a lennard-jones flu...

When a second-order magnetic phase transition is tuned to zero temperature by a nonthermal parameter, quantum fluctuations are critically enhanced, often leading to the emergence of unconventional superconductivity. In these "quantum critical" superconductors it has been widely reported that the normal-state properties above the superconducting transition temperature T(c) often exhibit anomalou...

Fracture has always been a serious concern in the design and repair of steel structures such as ships. Because of these concerns, much research has been ongoing in the causes of fractures and in ways which they could be predicted and thus prevented. The objective of this study was to flnd, test and evaluate a method for measuring tht:: critical strain energy density with tensile specimens. Plas...

We present experimental and analytical results showing “zero-one” phase transitions for network connectivity, multi-path reliability, neighbor count, Hamiltonian cycle formation, multiple-clique formation, and probabilistic flooding. These transitions are characterized by critical density thresholds such that a global property exists with negligible probability on one side of the threshold, and...

Shifted and modulated Gaussian functions play a vital role in the representation of signals. We extend the theory into a quaternionic setting, using two exponential kernels with two complex numbers. As a final result, we show that every continuous and quaternion-valued signal f in the Wiener space can be expanded into a unique `2 series on a lattice at critical density 1, provided one more poin...

We investigate the density of critical positions, that is, the ratio between the number of critical positions and the number of all positions of a word, in infinite sequences of words of index one, that is, the period of which is longer than half of the length of the word. On one hand, we considered words with the lowest possible number of critical points, namely one, and show, as an example, t...

Original quasineutrality of a plasma at rest is heavily perturbed when the electrons are induced to oscillate relativistically by a superintense laser beam. This represents one of the major difficulties when studying the propagation of intense linearly polarized electromagnetic waves in plasmas. Particular attention has to be dedicated to the effective relativistic increase of the critical dens...

We quantify the notion of a dense soliton gas by establishing an upper bound for the integrated density of states of the quantum-mechanical Schrödinger operator associated with the Korteweg-de Vries soliton gas dynamics. As a by-product of our derivation, we find the speed of sound in the soliton gas with Gaussian spectral distribution function.

It has been suggested by Bartlett and Hall that our universe may have the critical density in baryons by virtue of specific interactions with a ‘shadow’ world. We show that this possibility is severely constrained by primordial nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution and the thermalization of the cosmic microwave background. In particular, recent observations of small angular-scale anisotropy in the...