Inevitable dominance of lean system concepts on operations world in recent decades, has motivated lots of companies to implement them. But not considering the preferences and limited resources, has caused their failure. This paper aims at presenting a methodology for determining leanness path for companies using their leanness critical success and failure factors. For this first lean indexes im...

recent studies in scientific education as well as foreign and second language instruction suggest that thinking has rarely been an integral part of education and training in classroom. some scholars decried the lack of emphasis on thinking in the institutes and schools. they noted that memorization and drills were rewarded,while inquiry, reflection, and consideration of alternatives were frowne...