Credit card is a small plastic card issued by a bank, building society, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit. Debit card is a card allowing the holder to transfer money electronically from their bank account when making a purchase. The use of credit cards and debit cards are increasing day by day. People are relying more on both cards nowadays than in the previous d...

Hardware architecture Smartcards come in different shapes. First of all there is a distinction between contact cards and contact-less cards. The first kind is easily recognised by the characteristic contact stamp that appears on both credit-card sized and SIM card sized versions. The second one is more difficult to identify because the chip may be hidden not only inside a credit-card sized cont...

-------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------With the emergence of internet and e-commerce, the use of credit card is an unavoidable one. The credit cards are used for purchasing goods and services. We can make both online and offline payment easily with the help of credit cards. For online transaction it uses virt...

Debit cards have become an indispensable part of the U.S. payments system, accounting for more than a third of consumer payments at point of sale. With this development has come controversy: Card networks charge merchants fees that merchants believe are too high. And most of the fees are ad valorem—that is, based on transaction value—rather than fixed fees per transaction. Merchants are critica...

Many protocols have been proposed in the last year which address the problem of securely transferring money over a public network. Most of these schemes have similar goals: to enable transactions with properties similar to those achievable today using credit cards, to provide consumers and vendors with guarantees similar to those afforded by credit cards, or to translate existing payment mechan...