risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine. 2000;25:1148-1156. 15. Hoogendoorn WE, van Popper NM, Bongers PM, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and private life as risk factors for back pain. Spine. 2000;25:2114-2125. 16. Harkness EF, Macfarlane CJ, Nahit ES, Silman AJ. McBeth 1. Risk factors for new-onset low back pain amongst cohorts of newly employed worker...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between vehicle age and risk of car crash injury. DESIGN AND SETTING Data from a population based case-control study conducted in the Auckland region in 1998/99 was used to examine the adjusted risk of car crash injury or death due to vehicle age, after controlling for a range of known confounders. Cases were all cars involved in crashes in which at least...

This task has relied upon a combination of computer simulation and experimental testing. Computer crash simulation models were developed and validated for use in the study of factors influencing injury risk of wheelchair occupants in a crash. A wheelchair transportation-specific Injury Risk Assessment method was developed and used in the comparison of injury risk associated with various wheelch...

A critical part of any risk assessment is identifying how to represent exposure to the risk involved. Recent research shows that the relationship between crash count and traffic volume is nonlinear; consequently, a simple crash rate computed as the ratio of crash count to volume is not suitable for comparing the safety of sites with different traffic volumes. To solve this problem, we describe ...

Consumer crash test programs provide comparative information on the crashworthiness of new vehicles which, in turn, should predict the performance of the same vehicles in real-world crashes. However, the detail and quality of available information from tests and real-world crashes differ widely, so identifying meaningful relationships between crash test results and real-world crashworthiness ca...

PURPOSE Few studies have examined the psychological factors underlying the association between cell phone use and motor vehicle crash. We sought to examine the factor structure and convergent validity of a measure of problematic cell phone use, and to explore whether compulsive cell phone use is associated with a history of motor vehicle crash. METHODS We recruited a sample of 383 undergradua...

The role of distractions on attentional lapses that place road users in higher risk of crash remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess the respective impact of (i) mind wandering trait (propensity to mind wander in the everyday life as measured with a set of 4 questions on the proportion of time spent mind wandering in 4 different situations) and (ii) mind wandering state (disturbing though...

OBJECTIVE To address the predictability of injury from air bag activation by use of crash simulation software. METHODS Using current, validated crash simulation software, the effect of air bag activation on injury risk was assessed for the 6-year-old child, both restrained and unrestrained. Results were compared with those for adult occupants in similar crash scenarios. RESULTS For the unre...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of road traffic crash associated with prescription of antidepressants. METHOD Data were extracted and matched from 3 French national databases: the national health care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes. A case-control analysis comparing 34,896 responsible versus 37,789 nonresponsible drivers was conducted....

In order to determine the relative crash risk of drivers at various blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels a case-control study was conducted in Long Beach, CA and Fort Lauderdale, FL. Data was collected on 4,919 drivers involved in 2,871 crashes of all severities. In addition, two drivers at the same location, day of week and time of day were sampled a week after a crash, which produced 10,0...