Why do potentially inflated credit ratings affect rational, well-informed creditors’ bond investment decisions? What are credit ratings’ effects on firms’ behavior? We resolve these questions by modeling a credit rating agency (CRA) as a certified expert who transmits information to creditors with coordination incentives and dispersed beliefs. In the unique equilibrium, high credit ratings are ...

Evidence supporting an intense early bombardment on the Moon in addition to the traditional Late Heavy Bombardment at ~ 4 BY ago include the distribution of N(50) Crater Retention Ages (CRAs) for candidate basins, a variety of absolute age scenarios for both a “young” and an “old” Nectaris age, and the decreasing contrasts in both topographic relief and Bouguer gravity with increasing CRA. Crat...

TIMOTHY D. LE CRAS,1 DUG-HA KIM,2 SARAH GEBB,3 NEIL E. MARKHAM,1 JOHN M. SHANNON,3 RUBIN M. TUDER,4 AND STEVEN H. ABMAN1 1Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, and 4Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and The Children’s Hospital, Denver 80262; 3National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80206; and 2Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University, 150-...

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the odd-even item reliability of the Child Rearing Attitude Scale (CRAS) for neuropsychiatric (NP) patients. Unlike prior reliability studies, the present study controlled for a large number of demographic and personality variables which correlate significantly with the tendency to endorse items suggestive of deviance in childrearing practices. De...

The development of induced pluripotent stem cell technology would change the paradigm of regenerative medicine using cell or organ transplantation for various kinds of inherited and acquired disorders. In a phase 1 clinical trial (RIKEN) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, an autologous human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigmented epithelium sheet was...

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