4 Contents 6 List of original publications 8 Abbreviations 9 1. Introduction 11 2. Review of the literature 12 2.1. Bone metabolism and growth 12 2.2. Neurocranium and craniocervical junction 15 2.2.1. Anatomy 15 2.2.2. Prenatal development 16 2.2.3. Postnatal development 20 2.3. Osteogenesis imperfecta 23 2.3.1. Molecular basis 23 2.3.2. Clinical feature...

Radiation therapy (RT) is a widely accepted treatment strategy for many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. However, despite recognized therapeutic success, significant negative consequences are associated with cranial irradiation (CR), which manifests months to years post-RT. The pathophysiology and molecular alterations that culminate in the long-term detrimental effects of CR are poorl...

Introduction: The co-existence of primary intracranial tumors originating from different cell types is rare. While the association meningioma and glioma frequently reported in literature, number cases with meningiomas epidermoid cysts relatively low. We report a unique case because supra-sellar cyst has not been before literature.
 Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female presented to clini...

Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) or dysostosis is a very rare, under-diagnosed pathology caused by variable degree of expression dominant gene. It characterized skeletal malformations, which can be expressed in different clinical and imagenologic findings, with classic triad; late closure cranial sutures, hypoplasia aplasia clavicles dental abnormalities. We present case 46 years old male, no prev...

Background & Aim: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical pathology. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of this pathology and the results in treating it combined from three hospital centers in Benin. Methods & Materials/Patients: From September 2010 to September 2013 a multi-center, retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in three h...

Background: Following craniotomy, there is widespread agreement that post-operative neurological impairments require specialized evaluation to evaluate fitness drive. However, for patients who had a craniotomy and do not have deficits or known seizures, less consensus as when return driving safe. In this study, we aim review existing guidelines regarding post-craniotomy assess the current pract...

Objective: Ultrasonographic measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter is associated with increased intracranial pressure. Intracranial pressure are usually performed on critical areas or intensive care unit patients. The effect ultrasonographic measurement in predicting pathology the need for surgery mild moderate head trauma has not been evaluated. In our study, we compared cranial computed ...

Objective Explore the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in detecting cruciate ligament pathology Background Partial tears cranial (CCL) can be difficult to diagnose due lack instability present on orthopedic examination. Advanced diagnostics would required for further evaluation. While a common tool human medicine, MRI is limited use canines cost and need general anesthesia. Musculoskeletal (...

The Critically Endangered status of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis (NARWs) warrants the development new, less invasive technology to monitor health individuals. Combined with advancements in remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS, commonly ‘drones’), infrared thermography (IRT) is being increasingly used detect and count marine mammals study their physiology. We conducted RPAS...