in the present study, eight specimens of sheep (>1 year) of both sexes were dissected to provide a comprehensive description of the weight, allocation and nerve branches of the cranial cervical ganglion. the cranial cervical ganglion was found beneath the mandibular salivary gland. it was located ventromedial to tympanic bulla and ventrally to atlantic fossa. in three out of eight animals it wa...

The author reviewed 34 years of personal experience with inpatients in a large municipal hospital to analyze the seats and causes of involvement of single pairs of cranial nerves. Among 578 cases, the sixth (n = 234) and second (211) nerves predominated, followed by the fourth (48), seventh (30), third (27), and eighth (18) cranial nerves. Trauma (99), infection (94), tumor (92), increased intr...

We observed that the mobilization of the nerves II, III, VI, VIII, and XII were not easy comparing to other cranial nerves. The subfrontal parenchymal tissue should be removed and the olfactory nerve should be dissected for mobilization of the first cranial nerve. The mobilization of the nerves IV, V, VII, IX, and XI were dramatically remarkable after drilling of superior orbital fissure, foram...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors performed this study to compare a declarative memory paradigm developed to help teach medical students about the cranial nerves with a traditional text-based approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors designed a clock-based paradigm to help medical students learn about the cranial nerves. To enhance memorization and related brain activation, the paradigm ...

Botulism is an acute neurologic disorder that causes potentially life-threatening neuroparalysis resulting in weakness and laccid paralysis. In addition to the autonomic nervous system, botulism may involve only the cranial nerves, thus posing special diagnostic problems. Almost all cranial nerves are not easily testable. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the spinal accessory ...

The Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is the association of facial palsy and varicella-zoster virus infection with involvement of the ear canal and eardrum. It may be associated with deafness, tinnitus and dizziness. It can sometimes affect the lower cranial nerves. A case of an immunocompetent patient with affectation of the VII, VIII and X cranial nerves is presented.

1. Exposure of the dogfish to rapidly induced hypoxia caused an initial, large reduction in heart rate to 32 % of its initial normoxic value. When P o of inspired water (PIt Ot) reached its lowest level, heart rate increased to 65 % of its normoxic value and this rate was maintained until Px 0> was returned to normal. 2. Bilateral section of the branchial and pharyngeal branches of either crani...

The intention of this article is to alert readers to common problems and pitfalls concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pathologies of cranial nerves. It also provides an introduction to helpful sequences and post processing techniques. There are numerous reports about imaging of the cranial nerves that show the capabilities of submillimeter heavily T2-weighted images, like the CISS o...

BACKGROUND To my knowledge, no large series of multiple cranial neuropathies is available. OBJECTIVES To examine the seats and causes of multiple cranial neuropathies in a large group of inpatients. DESIGN Personal case series. SETTING Wards of a large municipal hospital and affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS A consecutive series of 979 unselected inpatients with simultaneous ...

Several classes of 10-nm filaments have been reported in mammalian cells and they can be distinguished by the size of their protein subunit. We have studied the distribution of these filaments in nerves from calves and other mammals. From the display on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels of proteins in extracts from fibroblast and central, cranial and peripheral nerves, we cut the appropriate ...