Three distinct classes of CpG-oligonucleotides (ODN) (CpG-A, CpG-B and CpG-C) have been identified on the basis of differences in their structures and immune effects. To date, only CpG-B is applied for clinical treatments; however, it is still unknown which of the different CpG-ODN classes is most useful as an adjuvant for human cancer vaccine therapy. In the present study, we examined the acti...

OBJECTIVES CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) have been shown to have potent immunostimulatory adjuvant activity for a wide range of antigens. Due to susceptibility of phosphodiester CpG ODNs (PO CpG) to nuclease degradation, nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate CpG ODNs (PS CpG) were currently utilized in an in vivo model. In this study, according to some recently reported drawbacks with PS C...

Synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs have been shown to induce proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production in B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells through a TLR9-dependent mechanism. A class (CpG-A) and B class (CpG-B) oligonucleotides display distinct physical properties. CpG-A, but not CpG-B, can multimerize to form exceedingly large lattices. CpG-A cannot effecti...

Back Cover In article number 2201087, ZhiYong Qian and co-workers show that in the hybrid delivery systems CPG@Au NRs/m-R848, immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by Au NRs could synergistically produce an in-situ vaccination effect with CPG ODN R848. By triggering dendritic cells maturation macrophage reprogramming, this photothermal immunotherapy strategy holds great potential generating syst...

CpG islands are distinguishable from the bulk of vertebrate DNA for being unmethylated and CpG-rich. Since CpG doublets are the specific target of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases, CpG-rich sequences might be expected to be good methyl-accepting substrates in vitro, despite their unmethylated in vivo condition. This was tested using a partially purified DNA-methyltransferase from human placent...

In this study, we report the development of a novel, rationally designed immunostimulatory adjuvant based on chemical conjugation of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). We demonstrate that the immunostimulatory effects of CpG can be dramatically enhanced by conjugation to CTB. Thus, CpG ODN linked to CTB (CTB-CpG) was shown to be a more potent stimul...

Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) found in antigen-presenting cells and B cells and can activate the immune system. Using CpG ODNs as an adjuvant has been found to be effective for treating infectious diseases, cancers, and allergies. Because natural ODNs with only a phosphodiester backbone are easily degra...

objective(s): in this study, for the first time, mf59 adjuvant was used to develop a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) vaccine. the efficacy of the vaccine was compared with the efficacy of cetp vaccine formulated with alum/cpg, the formulation that its immunogenicity has been already demonstrated in rabbit and mice. materials and methods: tetanus toxoid- cetp peptide (tt-cetp) was mixe...

background: the association between hepatitis b virus (hbv) mutations and hepatocarcinogenesis were reported in the literature. preference for g over c in the leading dna strand has been reported to account for the asymmetry in nucleotide (nt) composition. the aim of this study was to analyze the complete genome sequence and compositional asymmetry of hbv in different stages of hepatitis b. met...