OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering calcium and vitamin D3 to post-menopausal women in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older women for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger women...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thrombolysis in acute stroke is effective up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset but relies on early recognition, prompt arrival in hospital, and timely brain scanning. This study aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of increasing thrombolysis rates through a series of hypothetical change strategies designed to optimize the acute care pathway for stroke. METHODS A dec...

AIMS To assess the cost-effectiveness of an improved automated grading algorithm for diabetic retinopathy against a previously described algorithm, and in comparison with manual grading. METHODS Efficacy of the alternative algorithms was assessed using a reference graded set of images from three screening centres in Scotland (1253 cases with observable/referable retinopathy and 6333 individua...

AIMS To develop and populate a plausible model of the impact of early intervention (EI) for children and adolescents with psychosis to estimate potential short-term health-related cost savings compared to generic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). METHOD A decision-tree-based model for EI in CAMHS was developed. The model was populated using data relating to the use of inpat...

BACKGROUND Most older patients are not treated for osteoporosis after fragility fracture. In a 3-armed randomized trial, we reported that 2 inexpensive mail-based interventions, one directed at physicians and the other at physicians plus patients, increased 1-year osteoporosis treatment starts by 4% and 6% (respectively) compared with usual care starts of 11%. The cost-effectiveness of these in...

OBJECTIVES We report the 10-year effectiveness and within-trial cost-effectiveness of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its Outcomes Study (DPPOS) interventions among participants who were adherent to the interventions. STUDY DESIGN DPP was a 3-year randomized clinical trial followed by 7 years of open-label modified intervention follow-up. METHODS Data on resource utilization, cost...

A rigorous 6-year evaluation of transitional employment services indicates that the services can substantially increase the employment and earnings of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients who have mental retardation. The evaluation examined the Social Security Administration's Transitional Employment Training Demonstration, which operated from 1985 to 1987. Our estimates indicate the d...

Building information modeling can help in predicting the energy efficiency in future based on dynamic patterns obtained by visualization of data. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective parameters of energy consumption using BIM technology which can evaluate the buildings energy performance. First, three forms of general states in the building were modeled to evaluate the propose...

M a i n c o s t a n d o u t c o m e m e a s u r e s Cost per febrile influenza-like illness (ILI) day avoided. A break-even analysis was also done to calculate the vaccine-plus-administration cost below which its use would be cost saving. Per-child cost-effectiveness analyses were done separately for an individualbased and group-based vaccination delivery scenario from the societal and third-pa...

One Health evolved from the recognition that an interdisciplinary approach is required to understand complex health problems, and that the health of humans and animals are inextricably linked. Through closer cooperation between the human, veterinary and environmental health sectors, added value, in terms of health metrics, cost savings and environmental services is achievable. Although the One ...