an alternative in vitro approach to drug screening has been the use of human cell cultures for antiviral agents and microbial cell cultures for the assessment of the carcinogenic potential of selected compounds. a number of protozoan species have been also used as drug screens for anti-protozoal agents. the ciliated protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis species has been widely utilised as a drug scr...

This paper reexamines the issue of relative versus joint incentive schemes in a multiagent moral hazard framework. It allows to contrast the inference dimension and the insurance property of relative performance evaluation. Importantly, the widespread idea that the principal should use all the more competitive schemes that the equilibrium outcomes are more correlated is shown not to be robust. ...

A number of surveillance studies have been conducted looking for organisms with decreased susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in natural environments. There was no evidence of shifts in populations or development of resistance to the antimicrobial agents in any of these studies. Nor was there any evidence of a correlation of resistance between antimicrobial-tolerant strains and antibiotic re...

This article studies clogging phenomena using a velocity-based model for pedestrian dynamics. First, method to identify prolonged clogs in simulations was introduced. Then bottleneck were implemented with different initial and boundary conditions. The number of analyzed investigate the decisive factors causing this phenomenon. Moreover, time lapse between two consecutive agents passing exit, tr...

An alternative in vitro approach to drug screening has been the use of human cell cultures for antiviral agents and microbial cell cultures for the assessment of the carcinogenic potential of selected compounds. A number of protozoan species have been also used as drug screens for anti-protozoal agents. The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis species has been widely utilised as a dru...

BACKGROUND The substitution of piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, or both for third-generation cephalosporins has been associated with reduced vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). However, piperacillin/tazobactam came into widespread use during a period in which the prevalence of VRE increased. We hypothesized that the increasing use of piperacillin/tazobactam and other agents wi...

When do competing principals independently choose to share the information obtained from their privately informed agents? Information sharing a¤ects contracting relationships within opponent organizations and induces players’strategies to be correlated via the distortions channel. We show that principals’incentives to share information depend on the nature of upstream externalities and the corr...

We investigate the dealer model – an artificial market model based on deterministic agents both numerically and theoretically. The agents refer to the past market prices and changes their ask/bid price. The temporal development of the market price fluctuations is calculated numerically. A probability density function of the market price changes has power law tails. Autocorrelation coefficient o...