Collective wage bargaining is an old, yet alien concept for Chinese enterprises. It is old because it was put forward as early as in the 1980s and formalized in the 1994 Labour Law. Nonetheless, collective wage bargaining was alien to most Chinese enterprises because according to the 1994 Labour Law the implementation of collective wage bargaining was voluntary and few enterprises carried it ou...

In this paper, I apply theories from the literature on corporatism to Bolivia. Despite developing the necessary policies and institutions to fully incorporate labor into the political sphere, the Movimiento Nacional Revolucionario (MNR) never achieved regime stability as the corporatist project was ultimately aborted for industrial labor and the miners. The primary cause of this failure was the...

"Every social situation is the heritage of preceding situations and takes over not only their cultures, their dispositions, and their 'spirit', but also elements of their social structure and concentrations of power.... The social pyramid is never made of a single substance, is never seamless. There is no single Zeitgeist, except in the sense of a construct. This means that in explaining any hi...