Congenital anomalies in the origin, course or distribution of the epicardial coronary arteries are found in 1 to 2 percent of the population. Asymptomatic coronary artery anomalies are generally diagnosed incidentally by routine coronary angiography or during autopsy. Approximately 80% of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are benign, while 20% of coronary artery anomalies produce li...

Myocardial bridging is a common congenital coronary abnormality recognized primarily with systolic narrowing or 'milking effect' shown by coronary angiography. We report the case of a 58-year-old man with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia who underwent transthoracic echocardiography and coronary angiography. The present case suggests the clinical role of transthoracic echocardiography i...

Background: A single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly encountered using conventional angiography. right (RCA) originating from left anterior descending (LAD) subtype of SCA. Only few cases are described in published literature. Case presentation: We this 55-year-old male who presented with angina pectoris. The anomalous RCA was suspected by angiogram and confirmed computed tomography (CT...

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) occur in 0.64 % to 5.6% of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Most pathophysiology and clinical histories involving CCAs have been fully clarified in the past 30 years. Isolated congenital coronary artery-left ventricle direct microfistulas (CVmF) have been recently described, but the clinical significance and anatomical characteristics associated with th...

c t a A 74-year-old man, with a history of heavy smoking, presented with unstable angina (Figure 1). Dobutamine stress echocardiography showed ischemia in the right coronary artery territory. Coronary angiography revealed no obstructive epicardial disease in the left dominant circulation (Figure 2A); the right coronary artery (RCA) was a small caliber and tortuous vessel, with only minor athero...

With the introduction of new surgical procedures an the development of new techniques of cardiac imaging, the normal anatomy, variations and anomalies of coronary arteries have assumed new significance. The coronary arteries may present several variations, in terms of both number and position. The incidence of all coronary anomalies is 0.23% in autopsy series and ranges between 0.3% and 12% in ...

Hemodynamically significant primary anomalies of the coronary arteries are those which alter myocardial perfusion. There are four major types: coronary artery fistulae, origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, congenital coronary stenosis or atresia, and origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, with subsequent passage of the vessel between the ao...

B of the coronary arteries may vary in origin, distribution, number, and size. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries occur in 0.2-1.2% of the general population.1 Most coronary artery anomalies do not cause myocardial ischemia and are often found incidentally during angiographic evaluation for other cardiac diseases. These pathologic anomalies may be present from early infancy and can r...

A single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary circulation, which is often associated with myocardial ischemia and other congenital cardiac anomalies. A 77-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of typical chest pain. Coronary angiography revealed an isolated SCA. The right coronary artery did not originate from the aorta, but instead emerged from the dista...